Saga

Ataaseq assigiiaat ilaat

Saga - 1978, Qupperneq 155

Saga - 1978, Qupperneq 155
MILLIÞINGANEFNDIN í FÁTÆKRAMÁLUM 149 the individual counties concerning the execution of certain articles in the regulation of 1834 as well as soliciting suggestions conceming legislative changes. The poor law bill prepared by the Commission (chapter XII) did not introduce any drastic changes in Icelandic poor law policy. The Jnajority of the Commission suggested that the time which a person had to live within the jurisdiction of a local government (hreppur) in order to obtain poor relief from that hreppur should be shortened from 10 years to 2 in order to spread the costs involved more evenly between the individual local governments. This was regarded by Jnany M.P.’s as the most important feature of the bill but it was defeated in the Althing and the 10 years stipulation remained in force until 1923. However, the bill was much more specific on cer- tain points than the older law had been, as for instance in all matt- ers concerning the treatment of paupers. It was also more humanit- arian in nature and pointed the way to social welfare legislation on the European model. As well as preparing this bill, the Commission also prepared a bill concerning the local governments and a bill call- ing for the foundation of a mental hospital. The report of the Commission is a very interesting one. It de- scribes the development of legislation concerning the poor in Ice- land as well as abroad, and includes an account of the Commission’s mvestigation into the sta.te and position of the paupers. This is dealt with in chapters VII—XI of this paper, where a comparison is drawn between the number and situation of the paupers in the years 1871 and 1901. Chapter VII deals with the number of paupers. This had re- niained relatively stable during the first half of the 19th century. After 1855 however the number of paupers rose sharply and was at its highest in the 19th century in 1871 when those who actually J'eceived poor relief amounted to 7,3% of the population. The numb- er of those who benefited from poor relief was much higher, since the records do not take into account the wives and children of regi- stered paupers. The number of paupers decreased considerably dur- lrJg the next 30 years. In 1901 paupers amounted to 3% of the Population, but 7,8% of the population benefited from poor relief. There seem to be three main reasons for this development. Firstly the period 1870—80 was a relatively favourable one for agriculture and fishing and the number of paupers fell accordingly. Their num- ber rose again however during the hardships of 1883—1889, but favourable conditions during the 1890s caused their number to fall again. Secondly the growth of the fishing industry in towns and villages created employment for a large number of people who
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