Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2015, Page 2

Jökull - 01.01.2015, Page 2
Einarsson and Hjartardóttir Figure 1. Map of topography and volcano-tectonic structures in Iceland. Volcanic systems (central volcano shown with red contour, fissure swarm in yellow) are from Einarsson and Saemundsson (1987). WVZ, EVZ and NVZ are the Western, Eastern and Northern Volcanic Rift Zones, respectively, SISZ is the South Iceland Seismic Zone. The Hreppar Microplate, HM, is bounded by the two parallel rifts, EVZ and WVZ, and the trans- form zone, SISZ (e.g. Einarsson, 2008). The volcanic flank zone of South Iceland is located south of the main plate boundary marked by the SISZ and the EVZ. – Yfirlitskort af landslagi og tektóník Íslands. Eldstöðvakerfi (Einarsson and Sæmundsson, 1987) eru sýnd með rauðum útlínum megineldstöðva og gulum lit sprungusveima. WVZ, EVZ og NVZ tákna Vestur-, Austur-, og Norðurgosbeltin, SISZ er skjálftabelti Suðurlands, HM er Hreppa- flekinn (sjá t.d. Einarsson, 2008) sem afmarkast af Vestur- og Austurgosbeltunum og skjálftabelti Suðurlands. Suðurlandseldfjöllin sitja á Evrasíuflekanum, sunnan flekaskilanna sem markast af skjálftabelti Suðurlands og Austurgosbeltinu. uldsson, 2008; Sturkell et al., 2006). Added com- plexity is provided by the relative motion of the plate boundary with respect to the deeper roots of the Ice- land hotspot. This leads to instability and repeated jumps of the ridge segments achieved by rift propa- gation away from the center of the hotspot (e.g. Sae- mundsson, 1978; Einarsson, 1991; Sigmundsson et al., 1995; Sigmundsson, 2006). Microplates are tem- porarily created between the propagating and reced- ing rifts. This is the present situation in South Ice- land. The propagating Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) and the receding Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ) de- markate the Hreppar Microplate that is in the pro- cess of being transferred from the Eurasia Plate to the N-America Plate (Einarsson, 2008). Latitude depen- dent variations in spreading rate are observed along 2 JÖKULL No. 65, 2015
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