Daily Post - 25.06.1942, Side 3

Making Ships Miles
From Sea
„Daily Post” Crossword
Building Reserves For Post-War Needs
The twenty years between the
wars has seen developments not
only ín the design of ships for
greater economy and sea-
worthiness, for simpler build-
ing and easier handling but al-
so in the production of ships
designed to carry one kind of
cargo only and in some cases to
carry that cargo only between
two particular ports.
Since this is the age of tran-
sport, the oil-tanker has be-
come the most numerous of
special-purpose ships. Tankers
totalled 1.500,000 tons in 1914;
by 1939 the world’s tanker ton-
nage was 21.000,000. The ocean-
going tanker of to-day is a long
— low ship, most of its length
consisting of the cargo tanks. It
is usually about 450 feet long,
carries 12,500 tons and has en-
gines that give a speed of 12
knots.
Raíher similar to the tanker
is the ore-carrier, another long-
distance transport for material
low in value compared with its
bulk. An ore ship carrying 20,-
000 tons would have a length of
500 íeet and a speed of 11 knots.
The oil and ore ships, like the
coal ship, are slow, for their
cargoes are produced all the.
year round and do not deterior-
ate with time.
But with fruit and meat ships
the case is different. Here speed
is worth its cost by enabling
them to perform one or two
extra voyages a year and so
bringing in extra profits on the
extra cargoes. Therefore the
fruit ships are some 400 feet
in length and are powered to
run at 16Ví> knots.
The bigger colliers, the
lumber freighters, the wool and
cotton ships can and often do
carrv other sorts of goods
especially when their own sea-
sonal cargoes are not avail-
able. Many modern ships class-
ed as ' ocean-going tramps
were designed primarily for the
grain trade. Of 9,000 tons or so J
(this size being suitable for 1
most ports), the ocean tramp is
usually about 400 feet long and
steams at 12 knots.
The war at sea has ended
specialised transport. Further-
more, the entry of the U.S.A.
has brought developments in
ship-building which may influ-
ence all future sea-traffic. The
need of the Allies is for shipp-
ing space and for building up
a reserve of shipping so that
when the war ends, food can
be carried quickly to those Eu-
ropean countries where it has
long been scarce. The huge
ship-building programmes have
meant the concentration on
simple ships which can be ra-
pidly built and which can carry
any cargo katisfactorily.
Under the Lease-Lend
scheme, the U.S. placed orders
for 999 ships up to December
1941. The keels of 272 have
been laid, 154 have been laun-
ched and 123 completed.
Merchant-ship production is
being concentrated on types of
general purpose cargo ships, the
‘Cl’ of 7.500 tons, the ’C2‘ of
8,656 tons and the ‘C3’ of 11.-
975 tons. The standard type is
‘ES2’ (10.500 tons) which is
purely cargo. By the end of
1942, launching of such craft
may reach three a day.
750,000 men will be build-
ing ships; new ship-yards will
be opened and old ones ex-
tended; novel constructional
methods like welding and pre-
fabricatibn will be employed.
Welding saves metal, weight
and time; pre-fabrication enabl-
es complete sections of ships to
be made anywhere. The sec-
tions are then sent by rail or
barge to the yards and rapidly
built up. Not only does pre-
fabrication enable the line-as-
sembly of the motor industry to
be applied to ship-building but
the berths on the water fronts
are occupied by each ship for a
shorter time and the capacity
of the yard is thereby increa-
sed.
Across.
1. Fire-arm.
5. Powerful.
8. Easy-tongued.
9. By word of mouth.
10. Shakespeare’s tragic Moor-
ish hero.
13. Roman army unit.
15. Young woman.
18. Remove the cover from.
19. Programme for discussion.
20. Clergyman.
24. Turn aside.
27. Go before.
28. Always.
29. Streamlet.
30. Grasp.
31. Hypothesis.
GUERILLA WARFARE
(Continued from page 2).
er a highway in two places, —
surround the Germans and anni-
hilate them. The partisans not
only led the regiment to the ob-
jective, but also for two days
helped it to hold the road and
repel the enemy when he tried
to break throUgh the Soviet
encirclement.
Kirillov’s guerilla group was
requested by the commander
of a regular unit to lay an am-
bush near the village of Zha-
bino in the enemy rear. German
forces, pursued by the Red Ar-
my, were retiring towards the
village. The guerillas struck at
them from the rear, opening fi-
erce fire with brilliant effect.
Very few of the Nazis escaped
unhurt. The rest were killed or
wounded.
Guerillas played théir part in
the recent Kharkov battle. One
of their units operating in this
| Down.
2. Ice-hut.
3. Prohibited.
4. Luminosity.
5. Soil.
6. He looks after horses.
7. Copy by using semitrans-
parent paper.
11. He is disloyal.
12. Tired and lifeless.
13. Cluster of trees or bushes..
14. Hang in the air.
16. Faculty of perception.
17. Srnallest.
21. Furniture of the smithy.
22. Small fish.
23. Noise the horse makes.
24. Storehouse.
25. Margin.
26. It helps to keep one-
straight.
area, and commanded by K.,
routed the headquarters of two
German regiments, derailed no
less than six trains and blew
up two railway bridges. Anoth-
er detachment took part in a
battle for a fortified village, as-
sisting the advancing Red Ar-
my by an attack from the rear.
The guerillas smashed into the
village at the same moment as
the regular troops broke in from
the other side.
NEW MILITARY UNITS IN
FINLAND
Deserters from the Finnish
Army now number tens of
thousands. They hide in the
forests and along the roads.The
largest prison in Finland, “Su-
keva,” is full of them.
Deserters and men evading
mobilisation join the so-called
“Forest Guards,” which are to
be found in every district in
Finland.
Aw R.A.F. Mllitary Band
will be giving a programme in the Salvation Army Hall,
Reykjavík this evening at 8.30 p.m.
A FEAST OF MARTÍAL MUSIC.