Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.2002, Page 9

Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.2002, Page 9
Inngangur Introduction Gagnasöfnun Upplýsingar um utanríkisverslun byggjast að mestu leyti á aðflutningsskýrslum innflytjenda og útflutningsskýrslum útflytjenda. Skýrslumar em tölvuskráðar hjá tollstjórum og hefur Hagstofan aðgang að gagnaskrám tollyfirvalda og sækir þangað upplýsingar með vélrænum hætti. Þessar upp- lýsingar em yfirfamar og leiðréttar eins og kostur er. Oft er haft samband við viðkomandi innfljújendur og útflytjendur til nánari útskýringa eða til leiðréttingar. Víðar er leitað upplýsinga um utanríkisverslun en af tollskýrslum. Máþarnefnaað Siglingastofnuníslands (Skip- askrá) og Flugmálastjóm, Loftferðaeftirlit, gefa upplýsingar um kaup og sölu á flugvélum og skipum og er haft samband við hlutaðeigandi kaupendur og seljendur til nánari upp- lýsinga. Siglingastofnun gefur upplýsingar um hvaða skip fara utan til breytinga. I framhaldi af því er haft samband við fyrirtæki sem hlut eiga að máli til nánari upplýsinga. Hvað snertir endurbætur á erlendum skipum sem framkvæmdar em af íslenskum fyrirtækjum, þá er aflað upplýsinga með fyrirspum til þeirra fyrirtækja sem eiga í hlut. Umfang Hagstofan fylgir að mestu leiðbeiningum Sameinuðu þjóðanna um skilgreiningu og meðferð talnaefnis um utan- ríkisverslun (United Nations: Intemational Trade Statistics, Concepts and Defmitions), þ.e. hvað er tekið með, hvemig og hvenær. Um er að ræða vöruviðskipti og er almenna skilgreiningin sú að allur innflutningur og útflutningur sem eykur eða skerðir efnislegar auðlindir lands á að teljast með í utanríkisverslunartölum. Venja er að greina á milli tvenns konar gmndvallarreglna um skýrslur varðandi utanríkis- verslun, almennra verslunarreglna (general trade system) og sértækra verslunarreglna (special trade system). Munur á þessum reglum felst aðallega í skráningu á vöm sem flutt er í tollvörugeymslu og á frísvæði. Samkvæmt almennu verslunarreglunum er vara skráð sem innflutt þegar hún kemur inn í tollvömgeymslu/frísvæði, en samkvæmt sér- tæku verslunarreglunum er varan skráð þegar hún fer úr tollvömgeymslu/frísvæði inn í landið. Hérlendis er fylgt sértæku verslunarreglunum frá miðju ári 1998. Dæmi um liði sem eru meðtaldir í íslenskum skýrslum um utanríkisverslun: - Gull til almennra nota - Vömr sendar í pósti, að verðmæti meira en 25.000 krónur - Vömr sem fluttar em inn í landið eða út úr landinu til frekari vinnslu - Ýmsar vömr með hátt hlutfall þjónustu (t.d. skipulags- teikningar, spólur, hugbúnaður o.s.frv.) - Skip og flugvélar i fömm milli landa - Landanir erlendra fískiskipa í innlendum höfnum - Landanir íslenskra fiskiskipa erlendis og einnig landanir hentifánaskipa erlendis, skipa í eigu Islendinga - Vömr í eignaleigu (eitt ár eða lengur) Data collection Information on extemal trade is primarily based on customs declarations for imports and exports. The customs authori- ties register import and export declarations and the data is available on-line to Statistics Iceland. This data is checked and corrected as far as possible. Frequently the importer or exporter concemed is contacted in order to obtain further information or make corrections. Data on extemal trade is gathered from other sources as well. Thus the Icelandic Directorate of Shipping (Register of V essels) and the Civil Aviation Administration, Flight Safety Department, supply information regarding purchases and sales of ships and aircraft and the importers or exporters concemed are contacted for further details. The Directorate of Shipping provides information on ships sent for conversions abroad. The companies concemed are subsequently contacted for closer details. As regards improvements of foreign vessels carried out by Icelandic companies, information is obtained from the relevant companies. Coverage In general, Statistics Iceland follows the guidelines con- tained in the “UnitedNations: Intemational Trade Statistics, Concepts and Defmitions” as regards what to include in extemal trade statistics, how and when. The statistics extend to merchandise trade, and by a general defmition any imports or exports which add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country should be included in extemal trade statistics. A distinction is made between two systems of international trade statistics, the general trade system and special trade system. The main difference between these systems involves the method of registering goods imported to customs bonded warehouses and free zones. According to the general trade system an item of goods is registered as extemal trade on entry into a bonded warehouse or free zone, whereas according to the special trade system such an item would be registered on entry into a country from a bonded warehouse or free zone. In Iceland the special trade system is employed from mid year 1998. The following are examples of items included in Icelandic extemal trade statistics: - Non-monetary gold - Postal items exceeding the value of 25,000 ISK - Goods for processing - Goods with a high value of service content (computer software etc.) - Marine vessels and aircraft that engage in intemational transport - Fish landed from foreign fishing vessels in Icelandic ports - Fish sold abroad from Icelandic vessels and from conven- ience-ílag vessels owned by Icelandic nationals - Goods on fmancial lease (one year or more)
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Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum

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