The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1945, Page 85

The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1945, Page 85
THE VEGETATION OF CENTRAL ICELAND 427 snow-covering is both deep and long-lasting. Analysis XII, 3 was taken near analysis 5, but in a locality in which the snow-covering was much thinner and did not linger so long. In the snow-patch there is a closed phanerogamous vegetation, and Anthelia is of no importance. Cassiope hyþnoides dominates physiognomically together with Salix, and has a similar degree of covering, Sibbaldia, too, is conspicuous. The whole phanerogamous vegetation is much more strongly developed than in analysis 5, which clearly shows the unfavourable influence on the vegetation of the long-lasting snow-covering here. Analysis XI, 7 was made on Eyjabakkar, c. 700 m above the sea. It agrees with analysis XII, 3, and both may be said to represent a variant of the Sal. herbacea association rich in Cassiope. On Eyjabakkar lichens in considerable quantities are found in the snow-patch vegetation. Analysis XI, 7 was made in a locality with a southeastward exposure in a snow-patch in which an opposite slope, that is to say, a slope facing northwestward, exhibited a marked Anthelia crust with very few and scattered phanero- gamous individuals. Analysis XII, 6 is from Síðumannaafrjettur, from the bottom of a fairly deep snow-patch, in the higher-lying part of which analysis XII, 2 was taken (cf. association 8). The snow-covering is much thicker and longer-lasting at the bottom than on the sides of the snow-patch, and a comparison between these two analyses show the difference that may result from different snow-coverings. The number of species is almost the same in the two analyses, but the spectra show that both the A and Ch percentages are higher in XII, 2 than in XII, 6. Analysis XII, 4 is from a snow-patch on Varmafell on Síðumannaafrjettur c. 500 m above the sea. This snow-patch is very damp, and Carex lagopina is so prominent that we may speak of a variant rich in C. lagopina. This association is widely distributed in the higher-lying snow- patches throughout the area investigated. It is also met with in the lower-lying places where the snow-covering is deepest and most long- lasting. Thus it is very common in Víðidalur above 700 m altitude. If the snow-patches there were very damp, Philonotis cushions might be met with. Of phanerogams which are of frequent occurrence in that kind of snow-patches the following may further be mentioned: Ceras- tium trigynum, Saxifraga stellaris, S. nivalis, Poa alpina, and Deschamp- sia flexuosa, all of which are fairly constant. Unfortunately I have no analyses from these snow-patches. If we compare this and the following two associations on the one hand and the other snow-patch associations on the other, it appears 29*
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