Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.1995, Page 12

Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.1995, Page 12
Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrámúmerum 1994 9 hafa undirritað samninginn um upptöku þessa samræmda kerfis hafa skuldbundið sig til þess að fylgja þessu sex stafa kerfi, en þeim er frjálst að beita nákvæmari flokkun með fleiri stöfum. Flest ríki sem tekið hafa HS-skrána í notkun nota fleiri stafi en sex og sum allt upp í tíu. Islenska tollskráin er átta stafa skrá þar sem HS-skránni er fylgt á sex stafi en í ýmsum tilvikum eru síðustu tveir stafirnir notaðir til nákvæmari flokkunar miðað við íslenskar þarfir. HS- skráin telur alls rösklega 5.000 vörunúmer og árið 1994 voru nær 6.700 tollskrámúmer í íslensku tollskránni. Þess má geta að á árinu 1994 kom einhver innflutningur fram í 5.324 tollskrárnúmerum en útflutningur kom aðeins fyrir í 907 númerum. Við hvert tollskrárnúmer er birt samsvarandi sundur- liðun eftir vörudeildum eða vöruflokkum sem byggist á alþjóðlegri vöruskrá hagstofu Sameinuðu þjóðanna (Stand- ard International Trade Classification, SITC). Þessi skrá er ætluð til hagskýrslugerðar og miðast við það að unnt sé að draga skyldar vörur saman í flokka eða deildir. I skránni eru alls 3118 vömliðir. Hagstofan tók upp þriðju endur- skoðun SITC-skrárinnar í ársbyrjun 1988 um leið og ný tollskrá tók gildi. Lönd Við skilgreiningu á Iöndum fylgir Hagstofan hinum alþjóð- lega staðli ISO-3166. Árið 1994 urðu þær breytingar helstar að í stað þess að Júgóslavía stæði sem samheiti fyrir öll ríki fyrrum Júgóslavíu stendur Júgóslavía nú aðeins fyrir Serbíu og Svartfjallaland, en Króatía, Slóvenía. Makedónía og Bosnía-Hersegóvína hafa sinn eigin landakóða. Öll landaskipting miðast við neyslulönd hvað útflutning snertir og framleiðslulönd fyrir innflutning. Þannig er leitast við að greina endanlegan áfangastað útfluttrar vöm og upprunaland innfluttrar vöru en ekki söluland eða viðskiptaland. Fyrir kemur að útflytjanda er ókunnugt um endanlegt móttökuland vömnnar og verður þá að skrá á skýrslu viðskiptaland í stað notkunarlands. Verðreikningur Verðmæti innfluttrar vöm er ýmist sýnt á cif-verði eða fob- verði en verðmæti útflutnings á fob-verði eingöngu. Með fob-verði (free on board) er átt við verð vörunnar komið um borð í flutningsfar í útflutningslandi. í cif-verði (cost, insurance, freight) er einnig falinn sá kostnaður sem fellur á vöruna þar til henni er skipað upp í innflutningslandi. Er hér aðallega um að ræða flutningsgjald og vátryggingu. I hagskýrslum um utanríkisverslun er venjan sú að inn- flutningur er talinn á cif-verði en útflutningur á fob-verði, en vegna þjóðhagsreikningagerðar svo og ýmiskonar tölfræðilegrar greiningar er innflutningur tilgreindur í töflu 5 með báðum þessum aðferðum. Sem fyrr segir er verðmæti útflutnings í verslunarskýrslum talið á fob-verði, þ.e. á söluverði vörunnar með umbúðum þegar hún er komin um borð í flutningsfar á þeim stað er hún fer fyrst frá. Eðli being classified according to material. States that have signed the Harmonized System Convention have committed themselves to employ this six-digit system while being free to use a more detailed classification with a greater number of digits. Most of these states make use of more than six digits, some of them as many as ten. The Icelandic Customs Tariff is an eight-digit classification that complies with the HS tariff s six digits with the addition of two digits that are used in some instances for a more detailed break-down according to Icelandic requirements. The HS tariff has just over 5000 HS-numbers and in 1994 there were close to 6,700 tariff numbers in the Icelandic Customs Tariff. In 1994, imports to Iceland were registered under 5,324 tariff numbers while exports were only recorded under 907 numbers. Under each customs tariff number a corresponding classification by division and class of goods according to the Standard International Trade Classification, SITC, is also recorded. This is a classification intended for the production of statistics based on the principle of aggregating related goods (products) under groups or divisions. The classification contains 3118 items of goods. Statistics Iceland adopted the third revision of SITC in the beginning of 1988, when the new Customs Tariff entered into force. Countries Statistics Iceland defines countries according to the intema- tional standard ISO-3166. In 1994 the major changes in this area involved Yugoslavia, which previously included all the states of former Yugoslavia but now extends to Serbia and Montenegro alone, whereas Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina each have their separate country codes. Division between countries is based on country of consumption as regards exports and country of production as regards imports. Thus it is attempted to identify the final destination of exported goods and the country of origin when imports are concemed rather than country of sale or purchase. It sometimes happens that exporters do not know about the final destination of their goods and in such a case the country of purchase is registered instead of the country of consumption. Value The value of an imported item of goods is recorded at cif and fob prices while exports are recorded only at fob prices. The fob-value (free on board) means the price for the item when it is on board in the country of export. Cif-value (cost, insurance, freight) also includes cost induced until the item is unloaded in the country of import. This chiefly involves freight charges and insurance costs. According to custom, extemal trade statistics record imports at their cif-value and exports at their fob-value. In Table 5, however, prices of imports are recorded with both these methods for the sake of national accounts and various statistical analysis. As already mentioned, the value of exports in trade statistics is the fob- value, i.e. the sales price of a commodity with packaging when it is on board a vehicle in the first point of departure. This rule, however, does not apply to fresh fish sold in foreign
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Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum

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