Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.1995, Page 10

Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.1995, Page 10
Inngangur Introduction Gagnasöfnun Upplýsingar um utanríkisverslun byggjast að mestu leyti á aðflutningsskýrslum innflytjenda og útflutningsskýrslum útflytjenda. Aðflutningsskýrslur eru tölvuskráðar hjá toll- stjórum og hefur Hagstofan aðgang að gagnaskrám Ríkis- tollstjóra og sækir þangað upplýsingar með vélrænum hætti. Þessar upplýsingar eru yfirfarnar og leiðréttar eins og kostur er. Oft er haft samband við viðkomandi inn- flytjendur og útflytjendur til nánari útskýringar eða til leiðréttingar. Tollyfirvöld hafa ekki hafið tölvuskráningu útflutningsskýrslna og því fór skráning þeirra enn fram á Hagstofunni á árinu 1994 eins og verið hefur. Hagstofan skráir einnig aðsendar aðflutningsskýrslur frá Tollpóst- stofu. Víðar er leitað upplýsinga um utanríkisverslun en af tollskýrslum. Má þar nefna að Siglingamálastofnun ríkisins (Skipaskrá) og Flugmálastjórn, Loftferðaeftirlit, gefa upp- lýsingar um kaup og sölu á flugvélum og skipum og er haft samband við viðkomandi kaupendur og seijendur til nánari upplýsinga. Hjá Fiskveiðasjóði er Ieitað upplýsinga um lán tii innlendra útgerðarfyrirtækja til endur-bóta á íslenskum fiskiskipum og Siglingamálastofnun gefur upplýsingar um hvaða skip fara utan til breytinga. I framhaldi af því er haft samband við viðkomandi fyrirtæki til nánari upplýsinga. Sendar eru fyrirspurnir til fyrirtækja í viðkomandi atvinnu- grein um endurbætur framkvæmdar af íslenskum fyrir- tækjum á erlendum skipum. Fiskifélag Islands gefur upp- lýsingar um landanir íslenskra fiskiskipa í erlendum höfnum og fiskiskipa í eigu íslenskra aðila sem eru skráð erlendis (þ.e. sigla undir hentifána). Umfang Hagstofan fylgir að mestu leiðbeiningum Sameinuðu þjóðanna um skilgreiningu og meðferð talnaefnis um utan- ríkisverslun (United Nations: International Trade Statis- tics, Concepts and Definitions), þ.e. hvað er tekið með, hvemig og hvenær. Um er að ræða vöruviðskipti og er almenna skilgreiningin sú að allur innflutningur og út- flutningur sem bætir við eða dregur úr efnislegum auð- lindum lands á að vera talinn með í utanríkisverslunar- tölum. Venja er að greina á miili tvenns konar grundvallar- reglna um skýrslur varðandi utanríkisverslun, almennar verslunarreglur (general trade system) og sértækar verslunar- reglur (special trade system). Munur á þessum reglum felst aðallega í skráningu á vörum sem fluttar eru í tollvöru- geymslu og á frísvæði. Samkvæmt almennu verslunar- reglunum er vara skráð í utanríkisverslun þegar hún kemur inn í tollvörugeymslu/frísvæði, en samkvæmt sértæku verslunarreglunum er varan skráð þegar hún fer úr tollvöru- geymslu/frísvæði inn í landið. Hérlendis hefur verið fylgt almennu verslunarreglunum. Data collection Information on external trade is primarily based on customs declarations for imports and exports. The customs authori- ties register import declarations and the data is available on- line to Statistics Iceland. This information is checked and corrected as far as possible. Frequently the importer or exporter concemed is contacted in order to obtain further information or make corrections. The customs authorities have not yet started computerized registration of export declarations and as a result these were registered at Statis- tics Iceland for 1994 as before. Statistics Iceland also registers import declarations received from the Customs Post Office. Data on extemal trade is gathered from other sources as well. The Icelandic Directorate of Shipping (Register of Vessels) and the Civil Aviation Administration, Flight Safety Department, supply information regarding purchases and sales of ships and aircraft and the importers or exporters concerned are contacted for further details. In cases of improvements of fishing vessels, the Fisheries Loan Fund supplies information on loans to ftshing companies for this purpose and the Directorate of Shipping provides information on ships sent for conversion abroad. The companies concemed are subsequently contacted for closer details. Information on improvements of foreign vessels in Iceland is sought from the relevant Icelandic companies. The Fisheries Association of Iceland provides data on the fish landed from Icelandic fishing vessels in foreign ports as well as fish from vessels owned by Icelandic nationals and registered abroad (i.e. sailing under a convenience flag). Coverage Statistics Iceland follows in general the directions contained in the “United Nations: Intemational Trade Statistics, Con- cepts and Definitions” as regards what is included in external trade statistics, how and when. The statistics extend to trade in merchandise, and by a general definition any imports or exports which add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country should be included in extemal trade statistics. A distinction is made between two systems of intemational trade statistics, general trade system and special trade system. The main difference be- tween these systems involves the method of registering goods imported to customs bonded warehouses and free zones. According to the general trade system an item of goods is registered in external trade on entry into a bonded warehouse/free zone, whereas according to the special trade system such an item would be registered on entry into a country from a bonded warehouse or free zone. In Iceland the general trade system is employed.
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Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum

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