Rit (Vísindafélag Íslendinga) - 01.06.1970, Page 176
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gebene Sprach- oder Schreibereignisse, sondern die intuitiven
Auífassungen der Sprecher úber die Form von grammatisch
richtigen Sátzen, die solchen Ereignissen zugrunde liegen’
(Bierwisch 1965:5). Grammaticalness is interdependent with
competence; that is, different language competences, e.g., the
English and German ones, imply differences in the gram- (
matical rules between the two languages involved and vice
versa (cf. Chomsky 1965:11).
Solutions to the problem of how to incorporate the emotive
and social meanings in a linguistic and dialectological theory
of the generative type may be sought in different directions.
In my opinion, these kinds of meaning cannot be assigned to
performance, since they are made use of systematically in
language (cf. Hymes 1962, 1968:101 and 131, Chomsky-
Halle 1968:111, and—unclear— Durbin-Micklin 1968:324).
Another expedient would be to expand the import of the
term competence, as Paul Kiparsky (1968:175) has suggested:
‘For example, as Jakobson has pointed out, metalinguistic in-
formation concerning such things as the social value of dif-
ferent speech forms is an important part of what a speaker >
knows . . . . A conception of grammar in which these broader
aspects of competence are explicitly accounted for will hope-
fully provide a general basis for the study of their role in
linguistic change.’
This last-mentioned possibility would be consistent with the
generative terminology as we know it hitherto, but change
its semantic content. Thus, it would be necessary to differen-
tiate between various types, sides, or levels of competence,
as, e.g., cognitive, emotive, and socio-dialectal competence.
For that reason I prefer to introduce two new terms. Alongside
competence, which refers to language as representing cognitive
meaning, I place sensitivity referring to the emotive and
awareness referring to the social meanings of language. In
German I would use the terms Sprachbeherrschung, Sprachgefuhl,
and Sprachbewusstsein, and in Swedish sprákbeharskning, sprák-
kansla, and sprákmedvetande, respectively, even though some of
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