Árbók VFÍ/TFÍ - 01.06.2002, Blaðsíða 227

EFNIS- OG ORKUNOTKUN
VEGNA BYGGINGA Á ÍSLANDI
Björn Marteinsson er fæddur 9. janúar 1950. Hann lauk stúdentsprófi frá Menntaskólanum á Laugarvatni 1970, CS-
prófi í byggingarverkfræði frá Háskóla íslands 1974, prófi í arkitektúr frá Háskólanum í Lundi 1979 og meistaraprófi í
vélaverkfræði frá Háskóla íslands 2002. Björn hefur unnið hjá Rannsóknastofnun byggingariðnaðarins frá 1979 og
stundar frá haustinu 2002 doktorsnám við háskólann í Gávle.
Páll Valdimarsson prófessor útskrifaðist sem vélaverkfræðingur frá HÍ1978. Hann lauk Dipl.-lng. prófi frá Technische
Universitát Karlsruhe 1980 og Dr. scient. ing. prófi frá HÍ1993. Hann starfaði hjá Verkfræðistofu Guðmundar og
Kristjáns hf 1978-1980, International Porwer Engineering í Kaupmannahöfn 1980-1982, Flugleiðum hf. 1982-1986,
sem sérfræðingur við HÍ1986-1996. Hann var formaður Staðlaráðs íslands 1993-1996. Páll var skipaður prófessor í
vélaverkfræði við HÍ1996.
Abstract
ln lceland, it is often said that concrete is the most common building material in all structures,and in fact, most other mate-
rials need to be imported.Concrete is heavy and cement has a relatively high embodied energy, in addition the transport
distance for other materials from abroad is long.Therefore, it may be expected that the building process demands consid-
erable use of materials and that energy needs for material production and transportation is great. On the other hand,
lcelandic energy for operating the building, such as for heating and lighting, is widely environmentally friendly and renew-
able.There has not been information available, which permits discussion of material use and energy consumption in con-
struction, and consequently the research project discussed in this paper was initiated.
The project examines material and energy use in construction and operation of a residential building, and for this purpose,
a typical concrete multi-family building in Reykjavík was chosen.The building is divided according to structural parts,and
evaluation was made on the types of materials, and energy needs for production of materials and their transport to the
building site, as well as energy for the construction process. Material and energy use in maintaining the building during a
50-year period, as well as that for operating the building during this period, is examined. Actual figures for operational
energy consumption are compared with calculations in accordance with current standards.The concluding discussion
seeks to make comparisons with foreign information, but abroad this type of information is also limited.
Results of the project show that material use in lcelandic multi-dwelling buildings is tremendous, and therefore material
transport is great, and houses weigh over three tonnes/m2 of usable floor space. Material use in maintenance is minor
compared to initial usage, though inert energy of these materials is considerable. Operational energy over a 50-year peri-
od is approximately 85% of total energy use related to the building, and hence it is clear that inert energy of even a con-
crete multi-unit building is only a small portion of the whole, despite incredibly great amounts of energy-consumptive
materials. Real and calculated energy usage figures compare quite well, but calculations underestimate energy needs.
Icelandic multi-family dwellings are heavier and require more energy during their operational life than comparable build-
ings in the other Nordic countries.This is a result, on the one hand, of different traditional building methods, where con-
crete is the major domestic material,though it might be better used, and on the other, of stricter demands abroad for ener-
gy efficiency,than are made in lceland.
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