Heimskringla - 05.01.1888, Blaðsíða 8

God Save the Queen.
God sáve our gracious Queen,
Long live our noble Queen,
God save the Queen;
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us,
God save the Queen.
The Red, White and Blue.
Columbia the gem of the Ocean,
The home of the brave and the íree.
Theshrine of each patriot’s devotion
A world offers homage to thee.
Thy mandates make heroes assemble,
When liberty’s form stands in view,
Thy banners make tyranny tremble,
When born by the red white and blue.
Rule Britannia.
When Britain first at Heav’ns command
Arose from out the Ázure main,
This was the charter of the land,
And guardian Angels sung the strain,
Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the Waves !
Britons never shall be slaves
The nations not so blest as thee
Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall:
Whilst thou shalt flourish great and free,
The dread and envy of them all.
Rule Britannia, etc.
Slill, more majestic shalt thou rise,
More dreadful from each foreign stroke!
As the loud blast that tears the skies,
Serves but to root thy native oak.
Rule Britannia, etc.
Thee haughty tyrants ne’er shall tame,
AU their attempts to tame thee down,
Will but arousc thy gen’rous flame,
But work the woe and thy renown.
Rule Britanma, etc.
To theee belongs the rural reign;
Thy cities shall with commerce shine,
All thine shall be the subject main,
And every shore it circles, thine,
Rule Britannia, etc.
The muses, still with freedom found,
Shall to thy happy coasts repair
Blest Isle, with matchless Ireauties crowned
And manly hearts to guard the fair.
Rule Britannia etc.
Canada.
All ha!l, beloved Dominion!
Thou home of the free and th’ brave,
Sound ioud the martial trumpet,
Let victory’s banner wave,
Chorus: Fair Vinland, fair Dominion,
Pride of America,
Our home, the home of Fpeedom,
All hail, fair Canada.
Rejoice O, rising Nation,
Ye sons of many Lands,
Unfurl the flag of freedom,
With strong and fearless hands
Chor:
While surges tide of passion,
While frendship true remains,
While streams thy Flag of Freedom,
While Strength and Beauty reigns;
Chor:
While sunbeams crown thy mountains,
While ocean laves thy strand,
While giow thy fields and forests;
We love thee dearest Land.
Chor:
All hail, our Home, our Country,
Wliilegrowthy valleys green;
Long live thy noble Nation,
Long live ourgracious Queen.
Chor: Hail Vínland, hail Dominion,
Pride of America.
Pour out thy soul O, Music,
Three cheers for Canada.
Frimann.
CANADA.
THE DOMINION OF. CANADA
Occupies one-half of the North Americau
continent. With an
AREA OF 3,610,000 SQUARE MILES,
Canada is nearly equal to Europe and ex-
ceeds either Australia or the United States.
TIIE SURFACK
is generally level prairie and rolling campaign
country, Ixlted by extensive forests, traversed
by great rivers, and ruffled into forest clad
mountain ranees along the shores.
TIIE SOIL
is generally fertile and the climate salubrious.
THE PRODUCTS
embrace rich mines, extensive forests and al-
most all kinds of cereals and fruits of the tem-
perate zone.
THE POI’ULATION
of Canada is about five millions, chiefly Brit-
ish, French and German, with a sprinkling of
Scandinavians and other nationalities.
The Dominion of Canada was formed in
1867 by a federation of the various provinces.
It'has one Federal Govemment and a Gover-
nor General representing Her Majesty the
Sovereign of Great Britain.
THE EXECUTIVE POWER
is vested in the Governor General;
THE ADMINISTRATIVE POWER
in a cabinet of responsible ministers, and the
LEGISLATIVE POWER
in the Dominion Parliament consisting of a
Senate and a House of Commons.
THE LEADING INDUSTRIES
are agriculture, stock-raising and lumbering ;
mining and fishing are also valuable, and Can-
adian manufactures are rapidly rising in im-
p<3rtance.
EXCELI.ENT MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
are offered by the great lakes and rivers tra-
vérsing the country from east to west, also by
vast lines of railways, stretching from ocean to
ocean, and by a net work of telegraphs cover-
ing the Dominion. In 1885-6 the railway
mileage amounted to 10,733 miles and since
then over 1,000 miles have I>een constructed.
TIÍE TRADE
of Canada has of late assumed vast propor-
tions and nearly doubled within the last
twenty years. In 1868 the trade was esti-
mated at 130,000,000, in 1886 at 230,000,000.
THE EXPORTS
are a little less than the imports and consist of
agricidtural products, animal products, min-
erals, lumber, an<I fish and manufactures.
THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS
in Canarla are similar to those in the most ad-
vanœfl countries in Europe, a representative
goveniment, religious lilicTty, and Free educa-
tkm. Therc i* a v*ery eomplete
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
of graded schools, high schools, normal
schools, professional schools, collegiate insti-
tutions, colleges and univerjities. This sys-
tem is based on the best systems in vogue in
England, France, Germany and the Scandi-
navian countries.
Physically Canada may be divided into
three great divisions :
1. The Atlantic slope comprising the great
lake region, the St. Lawrence Valley and the
Atlantic coast. This consists of rolling forest
land and undulating open country, and is all
suited for lumbering, mining and general farm-
ing and manufactures. This region embraces
the provinces of Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, also Quebec
and Ontario.
2. Central Canada or the prairie region,
known as the Great Northwest, stretches in a
vast tract l,cxx) miles long, and over 400
miles wide, westward to the Rocky Mountains.
This immense country with an area of half a
million square miles and known as the Fertile
Belt consisting of level undulating prairies,
hemmed with belts of forests and traversed by
few but great rivers, possesses excellent pasture
and agricultural land and is admirably suited
for mixed farmine
3. The third division comprises the Pacific
slope or British Columbia, the Switzerland of
Canada. It consists of rugged parallel moun-
tain ranges known as the Rocky Mountains.
The country possesses valuable fisheries, rich
mines and gigantic forests, a delightful
climate, and is well suited for fishing, stock-
raising and manufactures.
Politically Canada is divided into seven
provinces and four districts. The provinces
nave each a legislative and administrative
government and the districts have one com-
mon legislative governing council. Every
province is again divided into counties, these
mto municipalities, each having a local gov-
erning body elected by the people and re-
sponsible to the people.
Canada offers to all intelligent and indu_-
trious people ofall nationalities and classes,but
especially to farmers, unsurpassed advantages,
excellent country, liberal institutions and free
homes. It is estimated that of the vast terri-
tory named Canada over one-third, or seven
hundred million acres, are suitable for settle-
ment, but of this, over six-sevenths,or six hun-
dred millions of acres are still open for settlers.
The greater part of the country has been sur-
veyed and mapped into blocks 6 miles square,
named townships. These are again divided
into 36 sections or 144 quarter sections or lots.
8IR JOHN MACDONALD.
PREMIF.R OF CANADA.
MANITOBA.
Manitoba, the prairie province and the gate
of the golden Northwest, has an area of some
16,000 square miles or about 74,000,000 acres.
It possesses in the east rich mines, in the
north valuable forests, and in the south and
west excellent farming lands. The popula-
tion of the province is about 110,000, com-
prising various nationalities. Agriculture and
stock-raising are the chief industries. Several
railways run through the province, the total
mileage being about 1,000 miles. All kinds
of cereals and roots grow exceedingly well.
The average yield of wheat for a number of
years is over 20 bushels peracre. Agricultural
products form the principal exports. This
year the province exports wheat to the extent
o f
12,000,000 BUSHEI.S,
the average yield l>eing about 28 bushels per
acre. In 1886 there were in the province 550
public schools, 3 colleges and 1 university.
Only alx>ut four and a half million acres of
land in this province are occupied leaving
al)out 70,000,000 acres vacant. Of this vast
area a large portion is admirably suited for stock-
raising and agriculture and open for settle-
ment. 160 acres granted free to every settler
in Manitoba offers
FERTII.E SOIL, HEAI.THY CI.IMATE,
and
FREE HOMES
for the millions.
WINNIPEG.
Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba, founded
in 1871 and incorporated in 1874, has now
grown to a fine city with a population of over
21,000. The town is situate at the junction of
two of the greatest rivers of the Northwest,
the Red River and the Assiniboine; and
covers an area of some 12,900 acres, or about
20 square miles. It possesses broad, regular
streets crossing at right angles, and many of
its buildings would do honor to older cities in
America or abroad. Among the principal
buildings are the city hall, the Government
buildings, the court house, the post office, the
hospital, besides the the various schools,
colleges, churches and commercial houses.
COMMERCIAI. FACILITIES AND INDUSTRIES.
Eight lines of railway converge in the city
and telegraphs connect it with all parts of the
world. There are 75 miles of graded streets,
6j£ miles of paved streets, 5 miles of street
railway, 20 miles of sewers, 20 miles of water
pípes, 8 miles of gas pipes, 18 miles of elec-
tric light wire, 62 electric lights, 575 miles of
íelephone vvire and 650 telephones in use.
The people are engaged in various industries,
but chieny in commercial jiursuits.
There are 9 chartered Iwinks, 88 wholesale
houses, and about 500 retall establishitiénts
and the present yearly trade of the city
amounts to above twenty-three and a half
million dollars.
RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.
Church of England ....................... 5
Presbyterian............................ 4
Methodist .......................... 3
Roman Catholic ........................ 2
Lutheran .............................. 2
Baptist .................................1
Congregational............................1
Christian Brothers................... 1
Jewish............................... 1
SCHOOLS.
Public schools .... i 11
Private schools...........................4
Ladies schools........................... 2
Military school......................... .. 1
Normal school......................... I
Medical college.......................... 1
Colleges ......................... 2
University.............................. . .. 1
THE PRF.SS.
Daily newspapers......................... 3
Weekly newspapers.........................7
Monthly newspapers........................8
Monthly periodicals ......................4
Book publishing houses....................5
Subscription libraries............. 2
Free public library.......................1
The progress of the city may be judged from
the following:
Population in 1874, 1,869 ;asst. $2,500,000.
„ 1877,2,722; „ $3,097,000.
„ 1887,21,257; „ $19,312.410.
—Frimann.
H. M. THE KING OF DENMARK.
Norclmannaheimeii.
(the northmen’s WOHLD.)
The Scandinavian or north countries com-
prising Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Ice-
land, have a total area of some 3,460,500
English square miles, and a population of
about nine millions. Stock-raising, agricul-
ture, fishing and mining are the leading in-
dustries. The government is a limited mon-
archy, the church Protestant and education
compulsory and free. The people are of
Gothic origin, and speak similar languages
which are modern forms of the Norse, still
spoken almost pure in Iceland.
Norway.
This country, the home of the ancient
Northmen, occupies the western slope of the
Scandinavian peninsula and has an area of
alx>ut 122,869 square miles. The coast is
deeply indented by narrow fjords, the 'surface
is mountainous, diversified by valleys, lakes
and rivers, and the climate humid and change-
able.
In 1880 the population numbered about
1,806,000, engaged chiefly in stock-raising,
and fishing. The exports were in 1883, esti-
mated at some 32,000,000; the imports at
44,000,000. In 1884 there were 971 miles of
railway, of which 927 were owned by the
state; 5,349 iniles of telegraph and 7,913
vessels.
Norway is united with Sweden into a joint
kingdom, but has separate laws and constitu-
tion. The executive is vested in the king and
his responsible ministers and the legislative
power in the Storthing or parliament.
The state church is Lutheran Protestant,
but all religions, are tolerated. Education is
compulsory and free. No. of primary schools,
6,617; public high schools 17, and I univer-
si y at Christiania, the capítal.
Norway has produced many world-famed
men, of whom may be named such as the
warrior Tordenskjold, the statesman Sverdrup,
the mathematician Ole J. Brock, the musician
Ole Bull, the dramatists Holberg and Ibsen,
and the poets Börjesen, Boyesen and Björnson.
SweUen.
This country has an area of about 170,960
English square miles, and is therefore half
as large again as Cireat Britain and Ire-
land combined. It occu))ies the eastern slope
of the Scandinavian peninsula and resemldes
Norway in physical features, climate and
products, but the southern part is more level
and fettile.
The population numbers al)out 4,600,000,
and the chief industries are stock-raising, agri-
culture, lumbering, mining and manufactures.
In 1882 the imports amounted to $63,840,000,
and the exports to $70,524,000, nearly half of
which consisted of lumber. There were 3,356
sailing vessels, 785 steamers, 4,000 miles of
railway, 5,347 miles of telegraph, and the
standing army about 172,000.
Sweden, like Norway, has her separate con-
stitution, and the government is vested in a
king, a council of state and a parliament. The
church is Lutheran Protestant and education is
free. The total number of primary schools,
high schools, and professional schools, is about
9,800 and there are two great universities at
Upsala and Lund. Stockholm is the capital.
Sweden counts many men of world-wide
renown. Cireat kings, as Gustav Adolph II,
and Carl XII, the Lion of Sweden ; statesmen
as Oxenstjerna; scientists, as Linnæus,
Scheele and Berzelius; the philosopher,
Swedenborg ; poets and writers, as
Gustav III, Oxenstjerna, Bellman, Hammar-
skold, C^eijer and Teguer, Lengren, Bremer and
Carlen. To these may added the great
Finnish poet, Runenberg, and the world-
famed singers, Jennie Lind and Christina
Nilsson.
Denmark.
Denmark proper, with an area of only
13,784 square miles, or one quarter less than
Nova Scotia, consists of the Jutland peninsula,
ýCealand and Funen and other neighl)oring
islands. The country is low aml level, the
soi) fertile and the elimate niikl and humid.
Average temperature at Copenhagen, 47 F.
The people number about 2,000,000 and are
principally engaged in agriculture, stock-rais-
ing and fishing. Relatively, Denmark ranks
first as an agricultural country. Over 7,570 of
the land is under cultivation. In 1882, the
area under cereals was 2,681,691 acres ;
products, 86,706,937 bushels. Total imports,
$70,297,000; total exports, $52,225,000.
Miles of railway, 1,106. Miles oí telegraph,
2,283. Number of vessels, 3,218.
Denmark is a constitutional kingdom. The !
executive power is vested in the king and his :
responsible ministers, and the legislative
power in the senate and the *IIouse of Com-
mons. The Lutheran Church is the estab-
lished church, but all others are tolerated.
Education is compulsory and free. The num-
ber of schools supported by the state is 2,940,
and there is one university at Copenhagen.
Of Denmark’s famous men may be noted
such as the great astronomer, Tycho Brahe ;
the scientists, Oersted and Steenstrup ; the phi-
logists, Rask and Madvig; the philosopher,
Grundtvig; the poets, Evald, Baggesen,
Oelensehlager, Ingeman, Winther, Andersen,
Muller and Brandt.
OI)IN.
(From Raguarökkur, by Gröndal)
“What sacred hour heaven's firstbom light,
In glowing billows moved th’ eternal mists,
And this infant world of Time, a closed fruit,
Lay floating in the boundless sea of Space ;
We touched it with our hand of godly power
And lo ! there rose a wondrous universe
Of mighty worlds, of countless suns and stars.
And the Tree of Life broke from its fetters
[green,
Its roots extending through the deepest deep,
And myriad branches spreading far and wide;
Some near the roots were shady trailing low
Abode of meaner spirits hating light ;
But others rose on high in boundless arches;
These arches mortals designate the Heavens,
Where dwell the gods immortal ever young.
Beneath these others flourished in the shade,
The World of Man endowed with soul divine.
And the leaves broke forth in rainbow vying
tints,
And countless fruits of good and evil kind;
And the light shone forth by darkness aye at-
tended,
For joy cannot dominion have alone,
But sorrow rules withal and minds of death.”
Jmitated from the Jcelandic hy
frimann.
GROVER CLEVELAND,
PRESIDENT OF THR UNITED STATF.S.
Iceland.
This island of volcanoes and glaciers, lies
about 700 miles northwest of Scotland, aiul
has an area of about 40,000 square miles, thus
exceeding either Ireland or Scotland in size.
The coast is steep and intersected by deep
fjords. and the interior a mass of snow-capped
mountains, enclosing deep valleys dotted with
lakes and traversed l)y rapid rivers. The soil
is sterile, and the climate is damp and in-
clement, though greatly ameliorated by the
Gulf stream.
The population is only 74,000, and the !
majority are engaged in stock-raising and
fishing. The exports consist chiefly of fish,
animal produce, cloth and hosiery, and the im-
ports of grain, lumber and manufactured
articles.
The country is a part of the Danish king-
dom, but has a separate constitution. The
executive power is vested in the governor, the
representative of the Danish sovereign, and
the legislative power in the Althing or parlia-
ment. This country is also dividecí into
shires and municipalities, each having a local
governing body, elected by the people. The
church is Lutheran, but there is full lil)erty for
other religions. Educational facilities are pro-
vided by primary schooks, high schools and
professional schools, and is free. Reykjavik
is the capital.
Though almost isolated from the rest of the
world, Iceland possesses an interesting history.
About one thousand years ago, when Harold
the h’air was king of Norway, many of the
chiefs of Norway left their native land and
sailed their steel plated dragons towards this
lonely island of volcanoes.
Its majestic mountains, flaming with fire and
crowned with glaciers, its sunny valleys and
wild torrents, its terrific gales and tempestuous !
ocean suited the temper of the Norsemen, and '
here, in this land of frost and fire, they built a í
little Norway.
The colonists, or Icelandersas they were now
called, established a republic the first in
northern Europe. Sailing westward, they dis-
covered Greenland in 974» ar|d colonized it,
and a few years later, at the close of the
ioth century, in 987 and the following years,
or nearly 500 years before Columbus, Leifur
Eyriksson and others discovered America whidv
they called Vinland id goda, or Wineland, the
Beautiful. Lately this fact has been recognízed
by the Americans.
Christianity was introduced in about 1,000
A. D., and for nearly two centuries following,
Icelaiid saw an unparallelled literary activify.
Then were written the Eddas. the Sagas and
most of the famous writings of the Norse or
Old Icelandic Literature.
About the middle of the fourteenth century
Iceland lxcame sul)ject to the king of Norway,
and a century later passed over to Denmark,
under whose supremacy k has since remained.
During the present century the people have
awakened from their long slumber and sought
to restore their former institutions. In 1874
they succeeded, after a prolonged struggle, in
obtaining from Denmark a tolerably free con-
stitution, and since then the people have made
considerable progress.
This small nation can, nevertheless, number
a few eminent men, as the sculptor, Albert,
Thorvaldsen Magnusson, son of an Icelandic
fisherman ; the antiquarian, Finn Magnusson ;
the astronomer, Gunnlogson ; and the poets,
Pjeturson, Olafson, Thorlaksson, Jonsson'
Thorarinson and Hallgrimsson. To these may
i be added a number of present writers as Gis-
| lason, Gudbrandson and Magnuson, antiquari-
ans an<l philogists ; Gron<lal an<l Thoroddsen,
naturalists ; Melsted, historian ; and the ])oets7
Grondal, Jochumson an<l Thorsteinson.
Ocie to Ieeland.
(Written ísland, pronounced Eesland.)
Out of deep blue ocean billows,
Under star-bespangled sky,
Rise ye mountains mighty glaciers,
Raise your shining crests on high ;
Sail ye clouds the sea of heaven;
Sungilt hill and stream and glen,
Lakelet, bay and lovely valley,
Let me see you once again.
Fairest island, ísland, Island,
Queen of islands, Ocean’s bride,
Born of fire, bred of heaven,
Becrowned with light and girt l>y ti<le;
Land of freedom, land ofherot*'
Land of saga, lan<l of song,
Home of fathers, home of kindred,
Home of friendship deep and strong.
Sweep away the shadows roun<l thee
Shew thy past and glory won,
The warrior s camp and viking’s dragon,
Valhalla lit by OftUvVs\in ;
Rise from darkness^ise in power,
Wreathed in glory, live for aye !
Crowned with beauty, fame an<l freedom;
Fairest island ’neath the sky!
—Frimann.
20c. AFHYERJUM 3>
Cheapside
ALÞYÐU VERZLUNAHBÚÐINNl,
57C MAIN STBEET.
Hin 5 árlega stórsalan stendur nú sem
I hœzt, og stendur yfir pennau mánuh e.in-
ungis.
Stranga partar af leyfar af ýmsum
ljirepts varningi seldir með mjög lágu
AerW ogsvo 20 «f hundruiHrf öllum reikn-
ingnum.
Sparið tíma og peningn með pví að
kaupa ljiiept yðar og dúka í rkmpxi.de,
hinni stærstu lníð í Winnipeg.
CHEAPSIDE
BARB WIRE
We Manufacture Barb Wire; Platn Twist-
©d Wire without barbs. and are agents for
the Woven Wire Fencmg.
We have doubled our capacity since last
spring in the way of Barb Wire Machines, an<l
are now in a position to furnish Ikirb Wire, on
short notice, for the whole of Manitoba, an<l
the Northwest. Ours is the only wire in the
Dominion on which is found the Genuine Lock
Barb. Every poun<l guarantee<l.
MANITOBA -WIEE 00.
47 LOMBARD ST. WINNIPEG.
” Q. H. CAMPBELL,
Generat Steamship Agent.
—HEADQUARTEKS FOK—
Allari, Dominion, Beaver, White Star, Guion,
Cunard, Anchor, Inman, North German
Lloyd, Hamburg Am. Pachet Co.,
Floris Rubatino Italian Line, &c.,
Also RAILROAD TIGKETS over all Lines
to and from the Seaboard.
PREPAID TICKETS A SPECIALTY.
Drafts and Exchange on al! parts of
Europe at Low Rates.
O- H. CAMPBELL,
471 MAIN ST.. WINNIPEG. MAN.
FOR----
30 ousriL11
Any person BUYING FOR CASH TO TIIE AMOUNT OK EIVE DOLLARS will 1*
presented with a BEAUTIFUL PRESENT by
CAMPBELL BROS., 530 MAIN STREET, WINNIPEG,
DF.ALER3 IN
MANUFACTURERS of TINWARE and WHOLESALE AGENTS for MANITOBA of
COPPS’ CELEBRATED STOVES.
a-K- A TFIS SLEI0H BKLLS AT COST ! I
Jtemetnber the A dtLresn;
CAMP3ELL BR08., 530 MAIN STREET.