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dependent and independent to varying degrees, preserving, transforming
and appropriating. It seems fruitless to try and determine the exact mix of
“indigenous” and “foreign” elements in any medieval Icelandic text. the
proportions and the nature of the elements vary, but nordic civilisation
was, throughout the Middle Ages, not in the medieval world as the title of
the symposium Nordic Civilization in the Medieval World had it, but of it.
After Icelanders accepted Christianity, this had to be the case; it was sim
ply not possible to stand outside, and entry into Christendom came with
long strings attached. On the whole the Icelandic people managed their
entry into this world very well, and the strings appear to have been made
of elastic, but they were still there nevertheless.
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