Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.2000, Page 9

Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum - 01.05.2000, Page 9
Inngangur Introduction Gagnasöfnun Upplýsingar um utanrMsverslun byggjast að mestu leyti á aðfhitningsskýrslum innflytjenda og útflutningsskýrslum útflytjenda. Skýrslurnar eru tölvuskráðar hjá tollstjórum og hefur Hagstofan aðgang að gagnaskrám Ríkistollstjóra og sækir þangáð upplýsingar með vélrænum hætti. Þessar upp- lýsingar eru yfirfarnar og leiðréttar eins og kostur er. Oft er haft samband við viðkomandi innflytjendur og útflytjendur til nánari útskýringa eða til leiðréttingar. Hagstofan skráir aðsendar aðflutningsskýrslur frá Tollpóststofu. Víðar er leitað upplýsinga um utanríkisverslun en af tollskýrslum. Má þar nefna að Siglingastofnun Islands (Skip- askrá) og Flugmálastjórn, Loftferðaeftirlit, gefa upplýsingar um kaup og sölu á flugvélum og skipum og er haft samband við hlutaðeigandi kaupendur og seljendur til nánari upp- lýsinga. Siglingastofnun gefur upplýsingar um hvaða skip fara utan til breytinga. í framhaldi af því er haft samband við fyrirtæki sem hlut eiga að máli til nánari upplýsinga. Sendar eru fyrirspurnir til fyrirtækja í viðkomandi atvinnugrein um endurbætur framkvæmdar af íslenskum fyrirtækjum á erlendum skipum. Fiskistofa gefur upplýsingar um landanir íslenskra fiskiskipa í erlendum höfnum og fiskiskipa í eigu íslenskra aðila sem eru skráð erlendis (þ.e. sigla undir henti- fána). Umfang Hagstofan fylgir að mestu leiðbeiningum Sameinuðu þjóðanna um skilgreiningu og meðferð talnaefnis um utan- ríkisverslun (United Nations: International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions), þ.e. hvað er tekið með, hvemig og hvenær. Um er að ræða vöruviðskipti og er almenna skilgreiningin sú að allur innflutningur og útflutningur sem eykur eða skerðir efnislegar auðlindir lands á að teljast með í utanríkisverslunartölum. Venja er að greina á milli tvenns konar gmndvallarreglna um skýrslur varðandi utanríkis- verslun, almennra verslunarreglna (general trade system) og sértækra verslunarreglna (special trade system). Munur á þessum reglum felst aðallega í skráningu á vöru sem flutt er í tollvörugeymslu og á frísvæði. Samkvæmt almennu verslunarreglunum er vara skráð sem innflutt þegar hún kemur inn í tollvörugeymslu/frísvæði, en samkvæmt sér- tæku verslunarreglunum er varan skráð þegar hún fer úr tollvörugeymslu/frísvæði inn í landið. Hérlendis er fylgt sértæku verslunarreglunum frá miðju ári 1998. Dæmi um liði sem eru meðtaldir í íslenskum skýrslum um utanríkisverslun: - Gull til almennra nota - Vörur sendar í pósti, að verðmæti meira en 25.000 krónur - Vörur sem fluttar eru inn í landið eða út úr landinu til frekari vinnslu - Ýmsar vörur með hátt hlutfall þjónustu (t.d. skipulags- teikningar, spólur, hugbúnaður o.s.frv.) - Skip og flugvélar í förum milli landa Data collection Information on extemal trade is primarily based on customs declarations for imports and exports. The customs authorities register import and export declarations and the data is available on-line to Statistics Iceland. This data is checked and corrected as far as possible. Frequently the importer or exporter concerned is contacted in order to obtain further information or make corrections. Statistics Iceland registers import declarations received from the Customs Post Office. Data on extemal trade is gathered from other sources as well. Thus the Icelandic Directorate of Shipping (Register of V essels) and the Civil Aviation Administration, Flight Safety Department, supply information regarding purchases and sales of ships and aircraft and the importers or exporters concemed are contacted for further details. The Directorate of Shipping provides information on ships sent for conversions abroad. The companies concemed are subsequently contacted for closer details. Companies engaged in the relevant economic activities are requested to supply information on improvements of foreign vessels carried out by Icelandic companies. The Directorate of Fisheries provides data on fish landed from Icelandic fishing vessels in foreign ports as well as fish from vessels owned by Icelandic nationals and registered abroad (i.e. sailing under a convenience flag). Coverage In general, Statistics Iceland follows the guidelines contained in the “United Nations: International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions” as regards what to include in external trade statistics, how and when. The statistics extend to merchandise trade, and by a general definition any imports or exports which add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country should be included in external trade statistics. A distinction is made between two systems of intemational trade statistics, the general trade system and special trade system. The main difference between these systems involves the method of registering goods imported to customs bonded warehouses and free zones. According to the general trade system an item of goods is registered as external trade on entry into a bonded warehouse or free zone, whereas according to the special trade system such an item would be registered on entry into a country from a bonded warehouse or free zone. In Iceland the special trade system is employed from mid year 1998. The following are examples of items included in Icelandic external trade statistics: - Non-monetary gold - Postal items exceeding the value of 25,000 ISK - Goods for processing - Goods with a high value of service content (computer software etc.) - Marine vessels and aircraft that engage in international transport
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Utanríkisverslun eftir tollskrárnúmerum

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