The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1914, Qupperneq 55

The Botany of Iceland - 01.12.1914, Qupperneq 55
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 239 lower level, is sheltered by several high mountains and has more- over a rich íishery in Mývatn. The distriet of Fjallasveit is chiefly covered with blown sand, and the plants growing on the sand-dunes and sandy flats, viz. Eli]mus arenarius, Salix glauca and S. lanata and Carex incurva, serve as fodder for the sheep, which thrive well. These plants are cut and gathered during autumn for winter-use. It is, however, difficult to keep cows; and on account of the weather, neither potatoes nor root-crops will thrive. The climate is also far more severe than at the coast; the annual mean temperature in Mödrudalur is — 0.8° C. In these districts the snow-line has a height öf 1300—1400 metres above sea-level, and the highest limit at which habitations occur is 530 metres. On the north-western peninsula, to the extreme north the habitation-limit occurs at only 80 metres above sea-level, and the snow-line at 400 metres; more to the soutli, on the same peninsula, at about 130 metres, and the snow-line at 650 metres. For comparison with the height of the snow-lines given above I give in the following pages a list of the inhabited farmsteads situated at the highest levels in the different parts of the country, because they give an indication of the limit of the more densely plant-covered, inhabited country upwards to- wards the wide expanses, poor in plant-life, in the interior. The settlements in the uppermost valleys and in some parts of the plateau are by no means fixed; in years when severe weather occurs, with cold and damp summers, some of these farmsteads are aban- doned, but are again inhabited when more favourable weather sets in. The areas above the populated districts, between these and the desert proper, are too poor in plant-life to be inhabited, but they are of great importance as summer-pastures for sheep and ponies. Heights of the uppermost farmsteads above sea-level in metres. Upon the northwestern peninsula. Smidjuvík SE. of Cape Nord............ 80 metres Skógar in Mosdal at Arnarfjörður.. . . 82 — Hlidarsel at Steingrimsfjörður........ 128 — Near Faxaflói. Fornihvammur in Nordurárdal......... 170 metres Gilsbakki in Hvítársida............... 175 — Fljótstunga........................... 232 — Kalmannstunga........................ 218 — Hæll in Flókadal...................... 174 —
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The Botany of Iceland

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