Iceland review - 2007, Blaðsíða 25

ICELAND REVIEW 31
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dalur
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S
k
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r
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va
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RF
2
HM
4
HM
5
HM
8
H
M
10
HM
12
HM
13
S
V
15
S
V
17
S
V
3
S
V
5
S
V
7
S
V
8
S
V
9
S
V
10
S
V
1
S
V
2
S
V
3
S
V
4
S
V
5
S
V
4
S
V
6
SV13
SV14
S
V
16
SV18
SV18
S
V
11
S
V
12
SV16SV14
SV15
SV17
SV19
S
V
20
SV21
SV22
SV23
S
V
17
SF6
SF3
SF5
S
F
8
SF7
SF2
SF1
SF7
SF4
SV26
S
R
9
S
R
10
SV15
SV12
SF11
S
R
3
SR4
SR5
S
R
2
S
R
11
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H
M
6
H
R
1
H
M
7
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R
5
HR
6
HR
8
HR
13
H
R
1
0
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HR9
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KJ9
K
J10
ID
JM15
JM
1
6
JM
16
ST1
KJ14
KJ7
JM2
L1
JM
4
A
JM
7A
JM
8
B
S
R
3
SR4
S
R
5
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JM4B
SH
2
HM
15
S
R
1
S
R
2
H
M
30
H
M
8
S
vartham
rar
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JM2
DF
KJ15
KJ15 KJ15
KJ15
KJ15
KJ15
KJ13
KJ13
KJ13
KJ12
KJ8
KJ6
KJ6
KJ5
KJ5
KJ5 KJ4
KJ4
KJ3
KJ2
KJ2KJ2
KJ1
KJ1
KJ1
KJ1
KJ1
ST3
ST3
ST2
ST2
ST2
ST2
ST2
ST2
ST2
ST1
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SH4
SH3B
SH3B
SH3A
FÆ2
FÆ1
FÆ1
SM2
SM1
JM17
JM16
JM16
JM16
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L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
JM15
JM15
JM15
JM15
JM15
JM15
JM14
JM14
JM14
JM14
JM14
JM13
JM13
JM13
JM13
JM13
JM12
JM12
JM12
JM12
JM12
JM12
JM11
JM11
JM10
JM10
JM10
JM10
JM10
JM10
JM9
JM9
JM8C
JM8C
JM8C
JM8C
JM8C
JM8C
JM8B
JM8A
JM8A
JM8A
JM8A
JM7B
JM7B
JM7A
JM7A
JM7A
JM7A
JM6
JM6
JM5
JM5
JM5
JM5
JM4D
JM4C
JM4C
JM4C
JM4C
JM4A
JM4A
JM3
JM3
JM3
JM3
JM1A
HF11
HF10
HF10
HF9
HF9
HF8
HF8
HF7
HF6
HF5
HF4
HF3
HF2
HM36
HM35
HM32
HM31
HM21
HM20
HM19
HM18
HM17
HM15
HM15
HM14
SF10
SV25
SV24
SV19
1
1
25
20
15
10
5
45
14
7
35
15
5
10
10
10
10
10
15
10
5
4°
6°
4°
8°
8°
5°
9°
8°
4°
8°
5°
9°
6°
9°
8°
5°
3°4°
5°
5°8°
7°
4°7° 4°
8°
9°
8°
7°
7°
8°
8°
6°4°
6°
9°
8°
4°
6°
8°
6°
20
°
10
°
17°
11°
12
°
14
°
15°
14
°
10°
24
°
18°
10
°
13
°
10°
24
°
12
°
12°
16
°
16°
16
°
11°15
°
24°
18
°
10
°
10
°
20°
17
°
11°
H
K
G
Y
C
D
M
N
R
V
B
HJ
MG
MG
FU
BL
KS
VN
VL
SK
BG
HN
HM
HL
BR
TA
TB
TB
VG
DA
DM
MD
MG
KL
KP
KO
KN
KN KM
KU
KA
KB
RH
RV
RI
BH
EG
VD
FU
JF
JF
JF
JF
JF
FL
FT
FÆ
LG
FN
KG
KT
MSK
SVH
HAF
KRG
SAU
SKH
SVE
MDA
MDB
KJB
BSK
SKSK
VMG2
SKVE
SKHX
HF-3
HLHM
HF-1
KRSK
VMG2
KK-2
KK-1
SV-VE
SV-AU
HF0-2
SKF-1
SKF-2
BS+BT
KRGIL
U(60ak)
T(1-22)
U(1-74)
L-1 + L-2
50°
45°
62°
297°
288°
1.73
0.79
0.40
1.35
1.93
2.39
2.82
2.51
2.81
2.52
4.01
0.31
4.61
4.69
4.65
0.21
1.69
2.35
3.20
3.94
0.02
0.650
0.757
0.591
5°
15°
15°
24°
16°
21°
212°
206°
171°
R
F
4
R
F9
RF8
RF
3
R
F
5
R
F
6
RF
2
RF7
RF1
3
SR
7
R
F
10
R
F
12
S
R
6
RF
1
HR7
H
R
3
SR
8
HR
6
S
R
11
HR
10
SR5
SR12
H
R
13
RF3A?
HR
15
HR11
HR
12
HR
14
R
F8
RF6
R
F
6
RF2
R
F
4
RF9
RF6
R
F1
3
R
F3RF
3
RF1
S
R
12
RF5
RF5
RF
7
RF
6
RF8
R
F
3
R
F5
HR13
RF7
HR
10
HR
10
RF6
RF
6
RF8
RF6
RF2
R
F3
RF8
RF7
R
F
4
R
F6
RF
4
R
F6
RF6
R
F7
RF
10
R
F
8
R
F
10
RF8
R
F
6
RF
3
HR
10
RF9
SR
6
RF1
RF
7
RF4
SR
7
RF
7
RF9
R
F4
RF
9
R
F
5
R
F6
HR1
4
SR
6
RF6
RF
4
R
F6
RF
5
RF
4
R
F
10
RF10
R
F5
RF6
RF8
R
F8
RF2
R
F
6
R
F4
R
F9
R
F
5
R
F
6
RF13
30
0
100
40
0
50
0
700
800
1300
200
60
0
90
0
1200
10
00
15
00
14
00
16
00
1100
17
00
180
0
11
00
1300
1400
11
00
1600
40
0
1100
1500
1300
14
00
40
0
13
00
500
1100
300
1200
10
00
1400
70
0
60
0
14
00
120
0
1000
50
0
1100
700
800
200
900
700
160
0
700
50
0
130
0
1100
1200
90
0
1000
500
11
00
1400
90
0
100
0
40
0
1500
10
00
700
800
1500
1700
1200
15
00
500
170
0
900
80
0
70
0
11
00
40
0
500
12
00
1300
100
0
20
0
20
0
1100
90
0
20
0
600
1200
400
70
0
10
0
0
10
00
11
00
1500
13
00
100
1100
1000
80
0
1300
700
16
00
10
00
900
1700
100
0
700
700
90
0
60
0
10
00
10
00
1000
1100
900
13
0
0
1200
10
0
0
60
0
60
0
600
1200
1400
1400
1400
100
0
1200
10
00
1400
1300
800
700
500
1000
1200
20
0
700
500
18
00
1100
1600
20
0
15
00
60
0
70
0
800
11
00
900
10
00
60
0
800
80
0
1600
13
00
900
300
800
500
600
900
70
0
1100
600
10
00
200
90
0
600
200
600
15
00
70
0
60
0
80
0
1100
50
0
90
0
70
0
12
00
14
00
400
1300
14
00
600
900
12
00
1600
13
00
600
800
12
00
1600
1100
10
00
80
0
900
70
0
1300
70
0
1400
700
300
1400
90
0
60
0
1800
70
0
590000 595000 600000 605000 610000
38
9
0
0
0
39
2
0
0
0
39
5
0
0
0
39
8
0
0
0
40
1
0
0
0
17°0'0"W 16°48'0"W
64
°0
'0
"N
64
°6
'0
"N
39
2
0
0
0
39
8
0
0
0
0 2.000 4.000
Metrar / Meters
E
Skaftafellsheiði og Skarðatindur
BERGGRUNNSKORT AF SKAFTAFELLI
Bedrock geology of Skaftafel l
Jóhann Helgason
Mælikvarði - Map scale: 1:25.000
Hótel Freysnes
Hæðir
Sel
Bölti
Austurbær
Suðurbær
Nýjatún
SM2
SM1
Hraunlög, þóleiít eða ísúrt berg. Bruhnes.
Lavas of tholeiitic or intermediate composition. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg. Ísúrt. Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted rock of intermediate composition. Bruhnes.
HM36
HM35
HM34
HM33
HM32
HM31
HM30
HM29
HM28
HM27
HM26
HM25
HM24
HM23
HM22
HM21
HM20
HM19
HM18
HM17
HM16
HM15
HM14
HM13
HM12
HM11
HM10
HM9
HM8
HM7
HM6
HM5
HM4
HM3
HM2
HM1
HM0
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Líklega öfug segulst. Matuyama?
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. Probably R- polarity. Matuyama?
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Segulstefna óviss. Matuyama?
Porphyritic basalt lavas. Uncertain magn. polarity. Matuyama?
Hnullungaberg, 20 m þykkt. Undir er rofflötur.
Conglomerate, 20-m-thick on top of an erosional surface.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna? Matuyama?
Porphyritic basalt lavas. N-polarity? Matuyama?
Jökulgosberg, dílótt. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Subglacially erupted porphyritic rock. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulstefna. Matuyama.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Ólivín basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulst. Olduvai segulmund? Matuyama.
Olivine basalt lavas. N-polarity. Olduvai chron? Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. – Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hrl. Rétt segulst. Olduvai segulmund?. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. N-polarity. Olduvai Chron? Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Dílótt fínk. breksía og hnullungaberg (30 m þykkt). Líklega rétt segulst. Matuyama?
Porphyritic breccia grading into conglomerate (30-m-thick). N-polarity? Matuyama?
Ísúr hrl. Rétt segulstefna (handsegulmælt) – Matuyama?
Lavas of intermediate composition. N-polarity (fluxgate measurement). Matuyama?
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, líklega öfug segulst. Matuyama?
Tholeiite basalt lavas, probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Hnullunga- og völuberg, 20 m þykkt.
Pebble and boulder conglomerate, 20-m-thick.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, líklega öfug segulst. Matuyama?
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Hnullungaberg, 16 m þykkt.
Boulder conglomerate, 16-m-thick.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, líklega öfug segulst. Matuyama?
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Ísúr hraunlög, líklega öfug segulst. Matuyama?
Lavas of intermediate composition. Probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, >100 m. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Over 100-m-thick. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Hnullungaberg og eitt dílótt hraunlag. Líklega öfug segulst. (R(T)). Matuyama?
Boulder conglomerate and one porph. lava flow, ?R-magn. pol. (R(T)). Matuyama?
Þóleiít basalt hrl. (>246 m þykk myndun). Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas (>246-m-thick). R-polarity. Matuyama.
Jökulgosberg. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Subglacially erupted rock. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Þóleiít hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Ólivín basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Olivine b sal lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Hnullungaberg, bólstrar í laginu fyrir neðan.
Boulder conglomerate. Basalt pillows in underlying rock.
Þóleiít og basalt andesít hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Tholeiite and basalt andesite lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Móbergs- og völubergsset (35 m þykkt) en með þunnum þól. hrl. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Mainly palagonite and pebble conglomerate rock (35-m-thick) with thin thol. lavas. Gauss.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulst. Gauss.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. N-polarity. Gauss.
Dílótt bólstraberg. Rétt segulstefna. Gauss.
Porpyritic pillow basalt. N-polarity. Gauss.
Ólivín- og dílabasalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Olivine and porpyritic basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Setlag ofan á jökulrákuðum fleti, m.a. 2 m eining með 80 cm hnullungum.
Sedimentary rock inlcuding 2-m-unit with over 80-cm-boulders on top of a striated surface.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þóleiít hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Skerið á milli skarðanna
Hafrafell (efri myndanir) / upper formations
BERGMYNDANIR / ROCK FORMATIONS
Hafrafell (neðri myndanir) /lower formations
Svínafell (neðri myndanir) / lower formations
SKÝRINGAR / LEGEND :
Bölti
Breiðatorfa
Víðihlíð
SF11
SF10
SF9
SF8
SF7
SF6
SF5
SF4
SF3
SF2
SF1
Jökulberg.
Tillite.
Hraunlög, dreifdílótt, á barmi Svarthamragils.
Lavas, sparsely olivine and pl. phyric, by Svarthamragil.
Jökulgosberg, breksía og kubbaberg.
Subglacially erupted breccia and cube jointed rock.
Völuberg.
Pebble conglomerate.
Jökulgosberg, kubbaberg og breksía.
Subglacially erupted cube jointed rock and breccia.
Jökulgosberg, fínk. kubbaberg.
Subglacially erupted, fine grained, cube jointed rock.
Ísúr hraunlög.
Lavas of intermediate composition.
Móbergsbreksía.
Palagonite breccia.
Jökulberg.
Tillite.
Ísúrt kubbaberg.
Subglacially erupted cube jointed rock of interm. composition.
Jökulberg.
Tillite.
Misgengi, fall að norðanverðu (m)
o Strikstefna og halli í gráðum
!( Heit uppspretta, °C
!. Ar-Ar aldursgreining, aldur í milljónum ára
! Basalt berggangar
! Súrir berggangar
! Samsettir berggangar (súrir og basískir)"
Áætluð rennslisstefna hraunlaga
Jarðlagasnið
Jarðlagasnið, borað vegna segulmælinga
F Stefna jökulráka
j
Halli á rofflötum
Rofflötur: RF1-13; HR1-15; SR1-12.
Rofflötur, óviss lega
Gönguleið
k Útsýnisstaður
5
6°
45°
1.93
177°
KN
359°
89°
Fault, downthrow on northside (m)
Strike direction and degrees of dip
Warm spring °C
Ar-Ar age dating, age in M.yr.
Basalt dykes
Acidic dykes
Composite dykes
Estimated lava flow direction
Stratigraphic section
View point
Magnetostratigraphic section
Dip of erosional surfaces
Direction of glacial striae
Hiking trail
Erosional surface
Erosional surface, assumed location
RF3
HM0
Þjónustumiðstöð
Visitor center
Skaftafell
SV26
SV25
SV24
SV23
SV22
SV21
SV20
SV19
SV18
SV17
SV16
SV15
SV14
SV13
SV12
SV11
SV10
SV9
SV8
SV7
SV6
SV5
SV4
SV3
SV2
SV1
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. Normal-polarity. Bruhnes.
Þóleiít hrl. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Normal-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg? Óreglulegt. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted rock? Irregular primary structure. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít, kubbaberg. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted rock, tholeiite. N-polarity, Bruhnes.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg. Ísúrt kubbaberg. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Subgl. erupted cube jointed rock. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Ísúr hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Lavas of intermediate composition. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Þóleiít hraunlög, samtals 40 m, þunnar einingar. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Tholeiite lavas, thin units, a total of 40-m-thick. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Ísúr hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Lavas of intermediate composition. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Völu- og hnullungaberg, þykkt alls 15-20 m.
Pebble and boulder conglomerate, a total of 15-20 m thick.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Þunnar gjallkenndar einingar með karga á milli. Rétt segulst. Bruhnes.
Tholeiite lavas, thin vesicular and scoriaceous units. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg, um 100 m þykkt. Rétt segulstefna. – Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted rock, about 100-m-thick. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg, ísúrt, bólstrar og mób. breksía. Rétt segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Pillow lavas and palagonite breccia. Interm. composition. N-polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulberg, allt að 60 m þykkt.
Tillite, up to 60-m-thick.
Móbergsríkt setberg og breksía.
Palagonite rich sedimentary rock and breccia.
Svínafellssetlögin, fínk. lagskipt setlög.
The Svínafell sedimentary formation: fine grained laminated sedimentary rock.
Ísúr hraunlög. Öfug segulstefna. Matuyama.
Lavas of intermediate composition. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulstefna. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity. Matuyama.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Rétt segulstefna. Olduvai? Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. N-polarity. Olduvai? Matuyama.
Sandsteins- og völubergslag, 3 m þykkt.
Sandstone and pebble conglomerate lenses, 3 m thick.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulst. (handsegulm.) Matuyama?
Tholeiite basalt lavas. R-polarity (fluxgate measurement)Matuyama?
Jökulberg, steinar allt að 1 m á kant.
Tillite with boulders up to 1 m in diameter.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög. Líklega öfug segulstefna. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Jökulberg.
Tillite.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, líklega öfug segulstefna. Matuyama.
Tholeiite basalt lavas, probably R-polarity. Matuyama?
Svínafell (efri myndanir) /upper formations
KJ15
KJ14
KJ13
KJ12
KJ11
KJ10
KJ9
KJ8
KJ7
KJ6
KJ5
KJ4
KJ3
KJ2
KJ1
Kjós
Móbergseiningar ofan á eða efst í Kjósareldstöð.
Palagonite at or on the top of the Kjós volcanic center.
Ísúrt kubbaberg og breksía. Öfug segulst. – Matuyama.
Cube jointed rock and breccia of interm. comp. R polarity. Matuyama.
Súr móbergsbreksía, lítt eða ekki ummyndað.
Palagonite breccia of acidic composition, mostly fresh.
Móbergsset og jökulgosberg.
Subglacially erupted palagonite sedimentary rock.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Öfug segulst. – Matuyama.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. Reverse magn. polarity. – Matuyama.
Grátt völuberg með súrum brotum. Fer saman við rofflöt.
Gray pebble conglomerate with acidic fragments on erosional horizon.
Jökulgosberg, dílótt. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Porphyritic subgl. erupted rock. Reverse magn. polarity. Matuyama.
Jökulgosberg – móbergsset.
Subglacially erupted rock, palagonite sediment.
Móbergsset, skolað.
Palagonite sedimentary rock, reworked.
Kubbabergsmyndun, þétt og hörð.
Cube jointed subgl. erupted rock. Dense and hard.
Jökulgosberg, þykk andesítmyndun.
Subglacially erupted andesitic rock.
Súrt set og líparít hraunlög.
Acidic sediment. rock and rhyolite lavas.
Súrt innskot með biksteini á jöðrum.
Silicic intrusion with pitchstone.
Andesít innskot í ummynduðu, súru móbergi.
Andesite intrusion in a host of altered acidic palagonite.
Súr móbergsbreksía, ummynduð.
Altered palaoginte breccia of acidic composition.
Miðfell
SH1
SV7
SV8
JM1B
RF8
H
M
9
HF1
JM5
JM
8
B
JM8AJM9
JM13
SH5
SH1
KJ13
KJ1
HM1
HM2
HM3
HM4
HM15
H
M
1
2
H
M
11
H
M
1
0
H
M
1
3
HM16
HM22
HM23
HM24
H
M
2
5
H
M
2
6
H
M
2
7
H
M
2
8
H
M
2
9
H
M
3
0
HM31
HM33
HM34
HF5
uncertain location
HM17
Flosalaug
efri myndanir / upper formations
HF11
HF10
HF9
HF8
HF7
HF6
HF5
HF4
HF3
HF2
HF1
Jökulgosberg, ísúr þykk myndun.
Subglacially erupted rock of intermediate composition.
Jökulgosberg, breksía með ljósum grunnmassa.
Subglacially erupted breccia with light colored matrix.
Þóleiít hraunlög, dyngja.
Tholeiite sheet flows.
Jökulgosberg, ísúr til súr breksía, ummyndað berg.
Subglacially erupted breccia of intermediate to acidic composition, altered rock.
Völuberg og móbergsset.
Pebble conglomerate and palagonite sedimentary rock.
Jökulgosberg, þ.e. kubbaberg og móbergsset
Subglacial volcanics, cube jointed rock and primary palagonite
Jökulgosberg, um 190 m þykkt, líklega ísúrt.
Subglacially erupted rock, about 190-m-thick, probably of intermediate composition.
Tholeiite basalt hrl. hallar til norðurs.
Tholeiite basalt lavas, dipping toward north.
Jökulgosberg: Svarthamramyndun.
Subglacially erupted rock: Svarthamrar formation.
Ísúr þykk myndun, fínkorna, dökkt kubbaberg.
Thick, subglacially erupted, dark and fine grained cube jointed rock.
Jökulberg og móbergsset.
Tillite and palagonite sedimentary rock.
SH4Skaftafellsfjöll - Skaftafellsheiði
neðri myndanir / lower formations
JM17
JM16
JM15
JM14
JM13
JM12
JM11
JM10
JM9
JM8C
JM8B
JM8A
JM7B
JM7A
JM6
JM5
JM4D
JM4C
JM4B
JM4A
JM3
JM2
JM1B
JM1A
Þykkt móbergsset. Öfug segulst. Matuyama.
Thick palagonite rock. Reverse magn. polarity. Matuyama.
Þól. og ólivín basalt hrl. R og N segulst. Olduvai? Matuyama.
Tholeiite and olivine basalt lavas. R and N magn. pol. Olduvai? Matuyama.
Þykkt móbergsset.
Thick palagonite sedimentary rock.
Dílótt basalt hraunlög. Öfug segulstefna Gauss.
Porphyritic basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. Reverse magn. pol. Gauss.
Þóleiít hrl. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Tholeiite lavas. R-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, ísúrt. Kristínartindar. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted rock in Kristínartindar, intermediate composition.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. R-polrity. Gauss.
Þóleiít og ólivín basalt hrl. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Tholeiite and olivine basalt lavas. R-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Subglaciallyl erupted tholeiite. R-polarity. Gauss.
Dílabasalt og þóleiít hrl. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Porphyritic basalt and aphyric tholeiite lavas.R-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. Öfug segulst. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. R-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít basalt. Rétt segulst. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. N-polarity. Gauss.
Dílabasalt og þóleiít hrl. Rétt segulst. Gauss.
Porphyritic and aphyric tholeiite lavas. N-polarity. Gauss.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít basalt. Rétt segulst. Gauss.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. N-polarity. Gauss.
Þóleiít og dílótt basalt hrl. Að mestu rétt segulst. Gauss.
Aphyric tholeiite and porphyritic lavas. Mainly N-polarity. Gauss.
Setberg á mörkum Gauss/Gilbert.
Sedimentary rock on boundary between Gauss/Gilbert.
Ísúr hraunlög, öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Lavas of intermediate composition. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þykkt hnullungaberg.
Thick conglomerate.
Ólivín basalt hrl. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Olivine basalt lava. R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þóleiít basalt hraunlög, að mestu öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas, mainly R-polarity. Gilbert.
Setlög. Gilbert.
Sedimentary rock. Gilbert.
Þóleiít basalt hrl. að mestu. Öfug segulst. Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. Mainly R-polarity. Gilbert.
Þóleiít basalt hrl. Rétt segulst. Þverá-Gilbert.
Tholeiite basalt lavas. N-polarity. Þverá-Gilbert.
FÆ2
FÆ1
Færines
Jökulgosberg, ísúrt berg. N-segulstefna. Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted, interm. composition. N polarity. Bruhnes.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. N-segulst. Bruhnes.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite rock. N polarity. Bruhnes.
ST3
ST2
ST1
SH5
SH4
SH3B
SH3A
SH2
SH1
Skarðatindur. Móberg. Rétt segulst. – Bruhnes.
Skarðatindur. Palagonite. Normal magn. polarity. – Bruhnes.
Skarðatindur. Bólstrabrot og breksía, þóleiít. – Bruhnes.
Skarðatindur. Pillow breccia, tholeiite. – Bruhnes.
Undir Skarðatindi. 25 m þykkt lagskipt móbergsset.
Below Skarðatindur. 25-m-thick stratified palagonite sedim. rock.
Kristínartindar. Súrt jökulgosberg.
Kristínartindar. Acidic subglacially erupted rock.
Austanverð Skaftafellsheiði. Ísúr hraunlög.
Eastern Skaftafellsheiði. Lavas of intermediate composition.
Skaftafellsheiði – þykk móbergssetmyndun.
Skaftafellsheiði – thick subglacially erupted basalt formation.
Skaftafellsheiði austanverð. Basalt andesít hraunlög.
Eastern Skaftafellsheiði. Basalt andesite lavas.
Kristínartindar - Grátt jökulberg neðarlega í Kristínartindum (Sandrák).
Kristínartindar base - Gray tillite.
Skaftafellsheiði austanverð og Kristínartindar: Líparít vikur og set.
E-Skaftafellsheiði and Kristínartindar: Rhyolite pumice, sedim. rock.
H
M
1
5
Líparít innskot
Rhyolite intrusion
Ísúrt gangberg
Intrusive rock of intermediate composition
Ignimbrít gangur við Skarðatind
Ignimbrite dyke by Skarðatindur
Leifar dalfyllu
Remains of a valley filling
L1
I1
ID
DF
Grágrýtishraunlög. N-segulst. Bruhnes segulaldur.
Olivine basalt lavas. N magnetic polarity. Bruhnes age.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít kubbaberg. R-segulst. Matuyama.
Subglacially erupted cube jointed tholeiite. R polarity. Matuyama.
Jökulgosberg, þóleiít. N-segulst. Jaramillo segulmund.
Subglacially erupted tholeiite. N polarity Matuyama.
Ísúrt hraunlag. N-segulst. Jaramillo segulmund. Matuyama.
Lavas of intermediate. composition. N polarity, Jaramillo chron.
Þumall, ísúr innskotsmyndun.
Þumall, intrusion/plug of intermediate composition.
If Doc Brown’s time machine made fa ous in the 1985
classic Back to the Future could ferry us back, say, five
million years we would find the rea now known as
present-day Skaftafell Natio al Park, in southeast Ice land,
virtually flat, fully vegetated and, gasp, snow and glacier-
free. Since then, the landscape in the country’s largest nati o nal
park, which sees more th n 170,000 visitors annu ally, has
been transformed dramatically, largely with a nod to the
esti mated 16 glacia ions th t have occurred millions of years
before the Vikings set sail.
On and off for the past 20 years, Icelandic geologist Jóhann
Helgason has hiked innumerable kilometers through Skafta-
fell during summers and drill d nearly 1,000 ten-centi meter-
long core samples long the way t help g ther data and
map the park’s diverse bedrock g ology. Just as rings on a
tree stump tell a story of a tr e’s age, so too do the vertical
strata contained in the rock samples themselves, which lead-
ing geochronologist Robert Duncan of Oregon State Uni-
versity helped analyze and date.
Before Helgason began in 1988, there were only two
elementary geological bedrock maps of the area – one
from 1903 and another from 1988 – both of which were
on significantly sm ller scales and were not of much use.
“The area was basically a whit empty page,” he says.
The hardest part f the project w s reducing the data from
his 18 field notebooks full of research into a digestible form
for the map, which Helgason will present this Decem ber at
a conference held by the A erican Geo physi cal Union.
True to his scientist roots, Helgason hopes that visitors com-
ing to Skaftafell wi l not only admire the park’s inherent beauty,
but that the map will open a window of opportunity for visitors
to understand more about the diverse geological characteristics
of the park. Even if you were an English major who fulfilled
your science requirement by taking rocks for jocks, the map
is a piece of artwork in itself, and av ilable for sale in Reykja-
vík’s major bookstores as well as at the Sk ft fell Visito s
Center. skaftafell.org
Rock
t