Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1987, Page 16

Jökull - 01.12.1987, Page 16
'7707 29 AB/AA T 409 F 15907 Fig. 2. Tectonic map of the Krafla area, showing the caldera, the active fissure swarm and the location of the Krafla power plant. — Mynd 2. A myndinni er sýnd stciðsetning Kröfluöskjunnar, jarðhitasvœðisins og orku- versins innan spriingukerfisins. 1970, and the first wells were drilled in 1974. The pur- pose of the exploration program was collection of in- formation on structure, extent, subsurface temper- atures, chemistry, production characteristics and capac- ity of the reservoir. Before the completion of this program the decision to build a 60 MW electric power plant at Krafla was made, its construction being concur- rent with drilling for steam. The plant was completed in 1977 but drilling has continued. When the plant was started in 1978 the available steam was sufficient for the production of 7 MWe, but presently 30 MWe are gener- ated. Thus the first installed unit is fully utilized. Three fields within the Krafla area have been drilled into: the Leirbotnar, Suðurhlíðar and Hvíthólar fields (Fig. 3). Recovery of steam from the Krafla reservoir has been relatively poor, the main cause being the mag- matic activity in the area. The activity started in 1975 shortly after the production drilling began. The first wells were in the Leirbotnar field and these were ad- versely affected. Magmatic gases intruded the reservoir and contaminated its fluids (Ármannson et al., 1982). The Suðurhlíðar and Hvíthólar fields have not suffered similarily, but their generating capacities proved limit- ed. The subsurface characteristics of the three fields are very different. The Leirbotnar field is divided into an upper, water saturated, zone with a mean temperature of 205°C down to about 1000 m depth and a lower, boiling, zone with temperatures from 300-350°C. The Suðurhlíðar field is a boiling system, and the Hvíthólar field exhibits boiling characteristics down to 700 m depth with a cooler regime below. Early investigations in the area have been described in review articles by Stefánsson (1980, 1981). Since then mJHD-BM-6607-GjG 04.09 1148 IS oV' s*Ol0 o!I5 J? \ „ 7,/*9 sv u°t A—si'O, 0 12 t \ P6 fj.f ..........X POWER PLANTipJtj "Ö2cT'‘'oJ® V b!7 22 <fcj JS 23 @r \ HVÍTHÓLAR KRAFLA WELL FIELDS LE6END: O 3 Borehole —-- Road Fig. 3. The three well fields at Krafla. — Mynd 3. Bor- svœðin við Kröfluvirkjun. 14
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