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Jökull - 01.12.1987, Qupperneq 25

Jökull - 01.12.1987, Qupperneq 25
TABLE 3 TRANSMISSIVITIES IN SOME KRAFLA WELLS (mVPa s) Well No. Time of drilling 12 Nov. 1978 13 Aug. 1983 15 Oct. 1980 16 June 1981 17 July 1981 20 Aug. 1982 *21 Sept. 1982 *Estimated in 1985. At completion Estimated in 1984 1.2-2.4 x 10's 1.6 x 10s 1.9 x 10s 6.0 x 10 s 1.5 x 10's 1.0 x 10's 0.9 x 10 s 0.4 x 10"s 2.5 x 10's 1.4 x 10s 1.6 x 10 's 0.8 x 10s 13.1-16.2 x 10's 19.3 x 10"s the fields were shut down during a temporary break in the electricity generation and the opportunity was used to monitor pressure build-up in the reservoir (Sigurðs- son et al. 1985). The results are summarized in Table 3 and compared with transmissivity values for each well. Mass flow from wells and fluid enthalpy have in most cases been measured using the lip pressure method (James 1962) although in some cases the use of differ- ential pressure over orifices has been employed. A good agreement has been obtained between the two methods but the latter is more convenient for dry or nearly dry flows. In special cases separators have been installed to monitor the discharge characteristics of the wells. The analytical results for silica concentrations have been used to obtain the enthalpy of the water-saturated wells and to estimate the “excess enthalpy” of the non water- saturated wells. The upper zone of the Leirbotnar field is a water- saturated system with well discharge enthalpies in the range 800-1000 kJ/kg and mass flows from wells 20-50 kg/s. There is a much greater variation in wells drawing from the lower zone. The first eleven wells were cased to relatively shallow depths so that they tapped either just the upper zone or both reservoir zones. A calculation method based on the measured enthalpies and the chemical composition of the fluids was devised to obtain the characteristics of the lower zone (Ármannsson et al. 1982). In wells drilled after 1976 the upper zone was cased off since production characteristics were in some cases unsatisfactory when both producing horizons fed the same well. The calculations and results of enthalpy measurements showed the lower zone to be a two-phase reservoir with well discharge enthalpies ranging from 1900 to >2700 kJ/kg, except in well KJ-9 where the enthalpy was considerably lower (1300-1500 kJ/kg). This well is considered to tap the elusive border between the two reservoir zones. Fig. 14. Temperature and pressure distribution at 500 m below sea level in the Leirbotnar well field. — Hitastig og þrýstingur á 500 m dýpi undir sjávarmáli á Leirbotna- svœðinu. 23
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