Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2009, Page 29

Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2009, Page 29
ICELANDIC VlKING AgE GRAVES: LaCK IN MATERIAL - LACK OF INTERPRETATION? 1 m Figure 1: The grave at Vað, S-Múlasýsla, containing a hnman and dog (Kristinsdóttir 1988, 93). waistline and do sometimes indicate the presence of small leather or textile pouch- es. When undisturbed, jewellery and clothing articles like pins are most often found on the body indicating that it was fully dressed. Where animals, a horse or dog, are buried with the dead they are generally placed by or in the foot end of the grave. In two instances a dog is even described as lying between the deceased’s feet (Eldjám 2000, 311-312). Horses are the most common of grave goods in Icelandic graves, and more common than in any other part of the Viking world. Most often one horse is deposited with the deceased but there are also occasions where an individual is buried with two horses. How horses are deposited varies, but can overall be divided in two catego- ries; the horse is either buried with the person or in a separate grave, the latter being less common. Instances where a horse and person are buried together also vary as there is either one large grave compartment containing both individuals or there are two connected grave com- partments, separated by a small barrier or section, but covered with one heap of soil and stones. Where horse and human are buried together the horse usually rests in the foot end of the grave and most often with its back against the interred. Generally the horse lies on one side with its back slightly curved and the feet either clenched under the belly or straight. In the burial grounds at Dalvík (Eldjám 2000, 162-163) and Brimnes (Bruun and Jónsson 1910) as well as in a few single graves the animals’ heads were cut of and placed up against the belly or neck. In a double horse grave at Gímsstaðir in Mývatnssveit both animals had been divided in two and then mixed so the forepart of one horse lay with the hind part of the other (Eldjám 2000,199-200). However, the tradition seems to have been to place whole animals in the graves and not parts. There is only one clear example, at Miklibær in Blönduhlíð, where just parts of a horse were deposit- 27

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Archaeologia Islandica

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