Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2015, Side 40

Archaeologia Islandica - 01.01.2015, Side 40
Elín Ósk Hreiðarsdóttir, Guðrún Alda Gísladóttir, Kristborg Þórsdóttir And Ragnheiður Gló Gylfadóttir Figure 4. A map showing the thickness and direction oftephrafrom Hekla in historical times. Map: Sólnes ed. 2013, 197. on the settled landscape. In the brief over- view that follows the focus is on the erup- tions that have had the greatest impact in Rangárvellir. The 1104 eruption is thought to have been an explosive eruption as there is no evidence of lava flow. It is considered to be the greatest tephra eruption in his- toric times in Iceland. The tephra covered Þjórsárdalur valley and a settlement in Hrunamannaafréttur and has traditionally been considered a major contributor to the abandonment of both areas (Eldjárn 1949; Þórarinsson 1949). This eruption likely contributed to the common belief in medi- eval Europe that the gateway to hell was to be found in Hekla (ísleifsson 1996, 20-24). The 14* century was marked by fre- quent disturbances in Hekla. In the year 1300 the volcano erupted causing con- siderable damage. Contemporary sources state that the pumice from the eruption de- stroyed a couple of farms and that a third farm was submerged by the lava (Biskupa- sögur I, 803-804; Islandske annaler, 52, 146). The next eruption was in 1341 and, 38

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Archaeologia Islandica

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