Fréttabréf Félags íslenskra sjúkraþjálfara - 20.01.1995, Blaðsíða 36

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■ Aiwtomy
November 15, 1994
Volume 19. Number 22
Thc Quanritadvc Anatomy of thc Adas
Thii study evaluates the dtmenstons of the atlas, including
overall size, lateral mass dtmenstons, and antenor and poste-
nor arch diameters. Corttcal thicknesses and pattems of tra-
becular bone dtstnbution were also measured. Significant
vahability exists tn laterai mass stze, whereas canal stzes
were constant. Trabecular bone pattems suggest a vanety of
load paths through the lateral masses.
Bn*n J. Doherty and Micriad H. Hegganass
Morphology of C5 VcntraJ Ncrvc RootJcts as
Part of Dissociated Motor Loss of Dcltoid
Musclc
This study analyzes anatomtc charactenstics of cervical ven-
tral rootlets relating to pathogenests of cervtcal amyotrophy.
The C5 ventral rootlets were shorter than lower cenncal
roollets whereas the CS sptnal segment was wtder. These
short C5 ventral rootlets appeared to become taut and easily
injured by hemilateral antenor compresston.
K. ShinomiYa. A. Okawa. K. Nakao. K. Mochida. H. Haro. T. Sato.
and S. Haima
BiomcchanicaJ AnaJysis of CervicaJ Stabilizarion 2529
Systcms: An Asscssmcnt of Transpcdicular Scrcw
Fixarion in thc Ccrvical Spinc
The biomechanical stability of seven cervical reconslrucxton
2497 methods includtng the transpedicular screw fixation was eval-
uated under four tnstability pattems. Results mdicate the
overall stabthzing capabilities of transpedicular screw fxa-
tion, suggesting the advantage of an antenor and posterior
load-shanng enmronment provided by transpedicular screw
fixation in the cervical spine.
YoshVwa Kotani. Bryan W. Cunningham. Kuniyoshi Abumi. and
Pad C. McAfea
BiomccJianical AnaJysis of Facet and Graft
250] Loading in a Smith-Robinson Typc CcrvicaJ
Spinc Modd
Disc space distracúon m excess of 3.0 mm m a Smith-Robm-
son in vitro model caused a signifiamt decrease m both the
raúo of postenor element to graft loadmg and the posterior
element loading. This may mcrease the chances of graft col-
lapse and potenúal pseudarthrosis.
John M. Oiaawski, Timothy A. Garvey, and Michaal J. Schendal
Patient confidence m thetr treatment was greatest m the ma-
ntpuiaúon group, akhough it must be recognized that all pa-
úents were presentmg at a chiropracúc clinic.
Malcolm H. Popa, Raad B. Phiflipt. Larry 0. Haugh.
Chang-Yu J. Haiah, Láa MacDonald, and Scott HakJeman
Efficacy of Chymopapain in Chemonudeolysis:
A Rcvicw
This revtew of 45 dinical studies reported between 1985 and
1993 shows that chemonucleohysis m the treatment of lum-
bar disc hemiaúon is successful in approxrmateby four of five
carefully selected paúents.
Eugena J. Nordby and Peter H. Wright
2540 Point of View
Michel Benoist
Indications for Pcdidc Fixarion: RcsuJts of
NASS/SRS Faculty Qucsrionnairc
Resvlts of a faculty survey of the North Atnerican Spine So-
ciety and Scoliosis Research Society sponsored cottrse on
pedicle fixaúon of the spine document current pracúces m
pedicie implant usage. For many dinical scenanos, staústi-
cally sigmfcant agreement occurred among the faculty mdi-
caúng pedide implant usage.
2578
2583
2584
Thc Range and Nature of Flexion-Extension 2505
Morion in thc CervicaJ Spinc
Flexion—extension measurements from cervtcal radiographs
show that the level at whtch the greatest angular motion oc-
curs is a function of the total (C2:C7) angular motion, the
greater the total motton the lower the level showtng highest
proportion of that motion. A stmilar trend is seen in subjects
with cervical myelopathy, although not so well defined. Ad-
ditionally, the range of motion seen in nortnal Oriental pop-
ulations may be substanlially less than m their Westem coun-
terparts.
■ Cervicai Spine
Thc Role of Plate and Screw Fixarion in 2545
Occipitocervical Fusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis
The dinical results of two ocapitocenncal fusion technújues
(plate and screw fixaúon versus wtrmg technújue) were com-
pared. The titanium Y-plate for the ocdpitocervical fusion in
rheumatoid arthntis is a satisfactory tool for posterior stabi-
lizaúon with superior results than the wtrmg technújue.
Dieter Grob, Jiri Dvorak. Manohar M. Panjabi, and
Jay A. Antinnas
Matthew J. Crawford and Stephen I. Esses
Back Musdc Injury Aftcr Posterior Lumbar 2590
Spine Surgcry: Part 1: Histologic and
Histochcmical AnaJyscs in Rats
Back rnusde injury caused by retractor applicaúon during
posterior spme surgery was exammed in rats. Tbe degenera-
úon of musde fiber and neuromuscular juncúon had a paral-
lelism with the retracúon force and úme. An excessvve mag-
nitude and duraúon of back musde retractson may easthy
cause nerve injury to the back musde.
Andrew Holmes. Chao Wang. Ze Hui Han. and Geng Ting Dang
■ Biomechanics
Ratings of Pcrccivcd Thigh and Back Exertion in 2511
Forcst Workcrs During Rcpcririvc Lifting Using
Squat and Stoop Tcdmiqucs
This study analyzed changes in kinetic vanables caused by
changes m body movements during lifting bouts and the con•
Repair of VcrtcbraJ Artcry Injury During 2552
Antcrior Ccrvical Dccomprcssion
The authors review the management of vertebral artery lacer-
ation durmg antenor cervical spine decompression. They re-
port successful repatr of the artery m three of four cases and
review the literature concemmg this complication.
John G. Golfinos, Curtis A. Dickman. Joseph M. Zabramski.
Volkar K. H. Sonntag, and Robert F. SpeQler
Yoshiharu Kawaguchi. Hisao Matsui. and Haruo Tsuji
Back Musdc Injury Aftcr Postcrior Lumbar 2598 „
Spine Surgcry: Pan 2: Histologic and
HistocfacmicaJ AnaJyses in Humans
Histologic changes of back musde were studied in the pa-
tients who had therr first lumbar surgeries and patients who
had repcat surgenes. Neurogenic changes and earhy agmg
process were evident m repeat surgery patients. Thus, the
tnbution of the biomechantcal and physiologic vanables lo
the vanabtliry tn the local ratmgs of percetvtd exertton.
Kira B. Hagan and Kam Harms-ftngdahl
Morphology and Kinematics of thc Baboon 2518
Uppcr Ccrvical Spine: A Model of thc
Adantoaxial Complcx
The anatomy and biomechantcs of the upper cervtcal sptne
were compared tn baboons and humans. The bones and liga-
ments m both spectes had stmtlar shapes and tdentical struc-
tural components. The atlantoaxtal segmenls tn both spectes
had stmtlar biomechantcal characlenstics. The baboons had a
2* to 9" wider range of motion tn all directions compared
with that of humans. The upper cervical spine of the baboon
closely resembled the human cervical spine. The baboon
C1-C2 motion provtdes an excellent model for surgical and
biomechantcal research.
Curös A Dictonen. Ned R. Crawford. Teiji Tominega.
Arma G. U. Brandey. Staphen Coons. and Vofcar K. K Sonntag
SpinaJ Disordcrs at thc Ccrvicothoradc Juncrion 2557
Thtrty-six cases of surgical disorders of cenncothoraac junc-
tion were assessed in terms of clinicai presentaúon, radio-
logic findmgs, operatwe approaches, and complicaúons. Vari-
ous surgical approaches to the cervico-thoraac juncúon were
reviewed to highlight advantages and disadvantages of each
approach.
Howard S. An. AJexander Vaccaro, Jerome M. Cotler, and
Sheldon Un
Realignment of Postopcrarivc Cdvical Kyphosis 2565
in Childrcn by Vertebral RemodeJmg
Change m the sagittal curvature of the cenncal spme after
C1-C2 posterior fuskm and spinal remodelmg were örvesú-
gated in 12 cbildren. Postoperaúve cervical malalignment
occurred m fottr cases. In three of them, reahgnment of the
curvature by vertebral remodelmg was observed.
retradion time should be shortened, and the retracúon pres-
sure should be mmxmized to avotd back muscie mjury.
Yoshiharu Kewaguchi, Hisao Metsui. and Haruo Tsuji
■ Case Report
Syringomydia as a Complication of Spinal 2603
Aradmoidiris
Syringomyelút is a rare complicaúon of spinal arachnoiditis.
This case illustrates the tmportance of careful assessment of
the paúent with chronic back pam for remediable lesions.
Therese B. Brammah and M.I.V. Jayson
Fusion Rate and Biomechanical Stiffncss of 2524
Hydroxylapatite Vcrsus Autogenous Bonc Grafts
for Anterior Disccaomy: An In Vivo Animal
Study
Anterior sptnal fusions done with autogenous bone and hy-
droxylapatite materials were compared in an antmal model.
The hydroxylapattte untts demonstrated similar fusion rates
and btomechantcai parameters compared with autogenous
bone.
Yoshiaki Toyama, Morio Matsumoto, Kamhtro Chiba,
Takashi Asazuma, Nobumasa Suzuki, Yoshikazu Fujimura. and
IGyoshi Hirabayashi
■ Lumbar Spine
A Prospccrivc Randomizcd Thrcc-Wcck Trial of 2571
SpinaJ Manipularion, Transcutancous Musdc
Srimularion, Massagc and Corsct in the
Treatment of Subacutc Low Back Pain
Frank A Pmtar, Dennts J. Maimen. Jemes P. HoUoweU.
Narayan Yoganandan. Kari W. Droesa. John M. Ratnartz. and
Brian Cuddy
A randomtzed prospecúve trial comparing mampuiatton,
massage, corset and transcutaneous muscle súmulaúon over
a 3-week treatment period found no stgmfúant changes in
range of moúon, faúgue, strength, or pam between groups.
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