Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1998, Side 61

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1998, Side 61
67 Organotin and Imposex in the Littoral Zone in the Faroe Islands Organotin og imposex í strandarøkinum í Føroyum Norunn Følsvik1, Einar M. Brevik1, John Arthur Berge1 and Maria Dam2 1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Box 173, Kjelsás, N-0411 Oslo, Norway 2 Food- and Environmental Agency, Debesartrøð, FO-IOO Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, Phone +298 31 53 00, Fax +298 31 0508, e-mail:mariadam@hfs.fo Úrtak Organotin kann vera í evnum, sum eru ætlað at klæða skip við. Arinið av organotin er, at tað forðar fyri gróðri á tí partinum av skrokkinum, sum er undir, so at yvir- flatan verður verandi sløtt. Eitt skip við slættari y virflatu glíður lættari gjøgnum sjógvin, og tað brúkar tí minni brennievni til sigling. Sama ávirkan kundi verið fingin, um botnurin á skipinum varð skavaður við hond, men tað bæði tekur tíð og krevur arbeiði, og tí er tann evna- frøðiliga loysnin framvegis vanlig í dag. Tfverri hevur tað víst seg, at summar havgastropodir, serstakliga purpurkúvingur Nucella lapillus, eru serliga viðbreknar fyri organotinsløgunum tributylin, TBT. Purpur- kúvingur verður ávirkaður av TBT á tann hátt, at kall- ynseyðkenni mennast f kvenndýrunum, ein støða, sum verður umtalað sum »imposex«. Á tí sjónskasta stignum av imposex eru kvenndýrini ikki før fyri at fjølgast. Tað hevur víst seg, at imposex er vanligt í heldur fjølbygdum strandarsamfeløgum og eisini fram við siglingarleiðum ’ á landi. Hend greinin lýsir, hvørjum støði organotin- sløgini eru á í strandarøkinum í Føroyum, og hvat árin tey hava á tað. Urslitini av greiningunum av organotin- sløgum í purpurkúvingi, Nucella lapillus, kræklingi, Mytilus edulis, og í fliðu, Patella vulgata, verða løgd fram. Ovumøgdin av fyribrigdinum imposex í purpur- kúvingum, sum eru savnaðir á sjey støðum í Føroyum, verður víst. Abstracts Organotin may be found as a component in some of the coatings that are intended for ships. The effect of organ- °tin is to prevent growth on the submerged part of the ■vall, and thus keep the surface smooth. A ship with a moo,h surface slides more easily through the water and therefore uses lesser amounts of fuel for propagation. This same effect could be obtained with a manual scrap- ing of the bottom of the vessel, but this takes both time and labour, hence the chemical way is prevailing today. Unfortunately it has appeared that certain marine gas- tropods, especially the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus, is particularly sensitive to the organotin species tributyltin, TBT. The response of the dogwhelk to TBT is the de- velopment of male sexual characteristics in females, a state which is referred to as “imposex”. In the most pro- nounced stage, imposex renders the female unable to re- produce. Imposex has been found to be widespread in the more densely populated coastal communities and also along ship lanes offshore. The present paper desribes the levels and effects of organotin species in the littoral zone on the Faroe Islands. The results of the analyses of organotin species in dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus, common mussel, Mytilus edulis, and in limpets, Patella vulgata, are given. The abundance of the impo- sex phenomenon in dogwhelks collected at seven loca- tions on the Faroes Islands is shown. Summary The use of organotin compounds as an- tifouling agents, fungicides, insecticides and bactericides has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. They are considered among the most toxic compounds intro- duced to the marine environment, where the main focus has been on the extremely effective antifouling agent tributyltin (TBT). Unintended environmental effects from tributyltin in antifouling paints were first Fróðskaparrit 46. bók 1998: 67-80
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