Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1993, Side 92

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1993, Side 92
96 SALIX IN THE FAROE ISLANDS AND THEIR AFFINITY WITH THE POPULATIONS IN ICELAND or S. glauca subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Boch. (Jalas and Suominen, 1976; Hulten andFries, 1986). Argus (1965: 64-72 andp. 92) includes all these names in what he calls “the eastem phase” of Salix glauca in North America. In a field-handbook of the Icelandic flora Love (1970) took up both Salix cordifolia and Salix arctica and at about the same time Skvortsov (1971) pub- lished a paper about the Salices in Green- land, Iceland and the Faroe Islands. There he asserted that among the about 100 spec- imens he had examined from Iceland two were specimens of Salix arctica, two of them were possibly hybrids, but all the rest were S. glauca. That statement was fol- lowed in an Icelandic Flora by Bjamason (1983) and in two works about distribution of plants (Jalas and Suominen, 1976; Hulten and Fries, 1986). Different from the situation in the Faroe Islands the Icelandic population of Salix arctica is very large. The species is almost ubiquitous in the mountains and in the northem districts of the country and are to be found there in most plant communities. At lower altitudes in the southem parts it is only to be found near streams or wet places. The habitats are very different and both the morphological as well as the genetical vari- ation within the population is enormous. It is not always sufficient to draw conclusions from several morphological characters on herbarium specimens when distinguishing related species within the genus Salix. Of- ten it is necessary to compare whole popu- lations and a good familiarity with plants in their natural habitats is important. For sev- eral years I have been studying the Ice- landic population in field and cultivated ex- perimentally pretty many individuals but have never succeeded to fmd an aggregate of morphological characters that makes it possible to separate the population in dif- ferent taxa. Notwithstanding an intemal variation the main appearance of the popu- lation is quite definite. The population of Salix arctica in Ice- land is similar to the population of that species which I have studied at Mestersvig in NE-Greenland. Comparing the Icelandic population with the population in NE- Greenland and herbarium specimens from Arctic Eurasia and North America the same morphological characteristics are to be found although in different combinations within the different specimens. On the whole the high-arctic population from NE- Greenland has not as tomentose leaves as the Icelandic one, especially ecotypes from wet habitats in the lowland. It is also neces- sary to keep in mind that some of the char- acters frequently used to distinguish Salix arctica from S. glauca incline to change de- pending on the environment. The blackish- brown anthocyan-color that characterises many plants growing in the high-arctic or at high altitudes on northem latitudes is only to be traced as faint reddish hue when the plants are cultivated where ultraviolet radi- ation is not so strong. Plants growing in warmer and more humid climate produce less waxcoat and whether the procumbent branches are rooting or not depends highly on edaphic conditions. What first of all characterizes Salix arctica is procumbent habitat with the branches trailing adpressed to the ground where S. glauca is more or
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