Ægir - 01.04.1985, Page 30

too late and were not sufficiently re-
strictive. It appears that managers
found it easier to accept a total fishing
ban than agree on severly reduced
catches. In many cases it is clear that
the fishing ban has been thoroughly
enforced while in other cases illegal
fishing has seriously delayed the re-
covery of the stocks. This has been
monitored by various fishery in-
dependent methods, such as tagging
experiments, trawl surveys, larval sur-
veys and acoustic surveys. Before
advising the reopening of the fishery it
has been the general policy of the ICES
Advisory Committee for Fishery
Management that the spawning stock
would be about to reach a minimum
target abundance and that there should
be firm evidence that recruitment
should be on a similar level as it was
prior to the collapse. Some stocks are
about to or have already fulfilled these
criteria while others are still at a low
level and suffering from recruitment
failure.
When reopening fisheries, settingof
TACs and national quotas have been
universal. Enforcement practices vary
greatly within the European countries.
In some countries, enforcementof fish-
ing regulations is very strictand carried
out on real time bases while in other
countries there appears to be hardly
any enforcement of the existing regul-
ations. Large quantities of herring are
sometimes landed and even sold as
sprat, whitingormackerel. Overshoot-
ing TACs is therefore common and
inadequate reporting of catches makes
assessment difficult and less reliable
than need be.
In those cases where fishery regu-
lations are enforced management is
mainly concerned with restricting the
activities of the participating vessels so
that they do not overfish. In doing so,
the best fishing areas have in some
cases been closed to fishing, because
otherwise the catches would be far too
large for the small quantity allocated to
each boat. In other cases the catches
per boat per night have to be so re-
stricted (because ofthe large numberof
participating vessels) that large but
unknown quantities of herring are
dumped at sea. With the modernised
fleets and the large number of boats
participating, management
assumed the imageof concentrating0'1
„anti effectiveness".
Although the biological manage
ment objectives have been well de'
fined and agreed, the overall manage"
ment objectives have neither been de'
fined nor agreed. These must take int0
account not only the biological objeCt'
ives but also socio-economic aspects'
A management objective could be 10
fish the TACs with minimum expense
thus gaining maximum benefit in terl11'
of profits from harvesting the resoutce'
The traditionally free entry and |ree
participation would then be the nial11
obstacle to such an objective. This15
especially acute in the case of a sch°°
ing species which can be fishe
cheaply in large quantities. It is there
fore important to develop new niel
hods to restrict effort and investme11*.
This leads to the basic problem 0
redefining the ownership of the f|S
stocks. Before an owner is firmly esta
blished, management will be unbeí
very severe constraints in Iimiting
entry to the fisheries.
^ Það er þetta sem við köllum: FISKVEIÐAR Á ÞURRU LANDI, VEIÐAR ÁN SJÓFERÐAR.
AUKIÐ ÖRYGGIIVIGTUN
Meö Póls vogakerfi næst
margfalt jafnari vigtun auk eftirlits.
Jafnari vigtun = öruggarí
vigtun = engin undirvigt.
MIKIL ARÐSEMI
Reynslan sýnir að vegna jafnari vigt-
unar, lækkar meðalvigtin. Pól»-
vogakerfið sparar því geysilegar
fjárhæðir samfara AUKNU ÖRYGGI.
Á þennan hátt stunda nú fjölmörg
frystihús „fiskveiðar“ með Póls-
vogakerfi. Þær vogir og vélar frá
Pólnum, sem nú eru í notkun í land-
inu, afla með þessum hætti á við
meðal skuttogara miðað við aflaverð-
mæti.
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