Vinnumarkaður - 01.11.1999, Síða 202

200
Greinargerð um aðferðir og hugtök
aflað sér stuttrar starfsmenntunar sem flokkast ekki lengur á
stigi 3 hefur endurflokkunin einkum áhrif á menntunarstig
þeirra en minni á konur.
I vinnumarkaðskönnunum hefur ekki verið spurt um
menntun námsmanna heldur um námið sem þeir stunda.
Menntunarstig þeirra er því ákvarðað eftir þeim forkröfum
sem gerðar er á viðkomandi skólastigi. Þó er gerð sú
undantekning að þeir svarendur sem eru í háskóla að búa sig
undir framhaldsgráðu og eru yngri en 25 ára eru aðeins
flokkaðir með fengna menntun á stigi 3 en ekki með lægstu
háskólagráðu.
Við endurflokkun menntunarupplýsinganna hafa einnig
verið leiðréttar rangar flokkanir á fyrri stigum. Alls nema
slíkar leiðréttingar um 3%, sem skiptast nokkuð jafnt til
hækkunar og lækkunar á menntunarstigi kvenna. Menntunar-
stig karla hefur hins vegar lækkað við leiðréttingarnar.
Þegar tekið er tillit til áhrifa af endurskoðun flokkunar-
kerfisinsogleiðréttingumreyndistí 1 l,3%tilvikaumflokkun
á lægra ISCED-stigi en 1,0% um flokkun á hærra stigi.
Menntun karla var í 17,9% tilvika flokkuð lægra en fyrr,
samanborið við aðeins 4,9% kvenna.
Að lokum er rétt að geta þess að ekki er hægt að bera saman
tölur um skiptingu menntunar f.o.m. 1996 miðað við árin
1991-1995. Astæðan liggur fyrst og fremst í mun ítarlegri
spurningum frá og með 1996. Frá því ári var t.d. greint á milli
sveina og meistara meðal iðnaðarmanna, en þeir síðarnefndu
flokkast á sérskólastigi eða ISCED-stigi 5. Þar sem karlar eru
mikill meirihluti iðnaðarmanna hefur þessi breyting meiri
áhrif á flokkun þeirra eftir menntun en kvenna.
Námsmenn. Svarandi telst námsmaður ef hann er í skóla
innan hins almenna skólakerfis, á námssamningi eða í starfs-
þjálfun í mánuðinum áður en könnunin var gerð eða er í
vinnu með námi.
their particular trade. Since 1989 those who have completed
their journeyman’s examination must finish a master’s
programme at an upper secondary technical or vocational
school, if they want to become certified masters of their
trade. In the labour force surveys carried out since 1996,
respondents who have journeyman’s certification are asked
whether they have also obtained a master’s certification.
Thus no information is available on how many people have
gone through the structured programmes.
The present re vision of ISCED inevitably has a considerable
impact on the overall distribution of the population by
educational attainment, compared to previously published
figures. There is an increase in the number of people having
completed ISCED levels 1 and 2, while the number of those
with upper secondary education has decreased
correspondingly. The number of people with completed
education at third ISCED level has gone down slightly as
compared with the earlier edition of ISCED. As men form the
majority of those with short vocational education that no
longer is classified at level 3, the reclassification has chiefly
had an impact on men’ s education level and to a lesser degree
on the education level of women.
In the labour force surveys students have not been asked
about their level of education but only about the education
programmes they are engaged in. Their educational
attainment, therefore, has been determined on the basis of
requirements for admission to the school level in question.
There is one exception to this, however, as respondents
under the age of 25 who are preparing for a post-graduate
degree are classified as having an education only at level 3
and not a first university degree.
In the process of reclassifying the education data,
corrections have also been made of wrong classifications in
earlier surveys. Such corrections account for approximately
3% of the whole, almost evenly divided between upgrading
and downgrading of women’s education level, while the
average education level of men has become lower.
The overall effect of the revision of ISCED and the above
corrections has been a downgrading to a lower ISCED level
in 11.3% of cases, whereas an upgrading occurred in 1.0% of
the instances. The ISCED level category was downgraded
for 17.9% of the men as compared with only 4.9% of the
women.
In conclusion, it should be noted that figures for division
by educational attainment from 1996 onwards are not
comparable with figures for 1991-1995. The reason lies
mainly in much more detailed questions about education in
the surveys from 1996 andonwards. Since then, for instance,
distinction has been made between journeymen and masters
of trade, the latter being classified to specialised vocational
training or ISCED level 5. Since men make up the vast
majority of people in the skilled trades, this particular change
has a greater impact on the classification of men’s education
level than that of women.
The heading ISCED 1,2 + in tables referring to educational
levels refers to groups 2.2 and 2.3 above.
Students. A respondent is classified as a student if he or she
attended day school within the four-week period prior to the
survey, received vocational training during the same period or
reported that he or she was a student having a part-time job.