Öldrun - 01.05.2004, Page 11

Öldrun - 01.05.2004, Page 11
11ÖLDRUN – 22. árg. 1. tbl. 2004 www.oldrun.net Annars stigs forvarnir miða að því að koma í veg fyrir að fólk fái endurtekin þunglyndisköst og miða að því að fylgjast vel með þeim sem fá sjúkdóminn og veita þeim viðeigandi meðferð m. a. með því að halda áfram að gefa þeim þunglyndislyf í að minnsta kosti eitt ár eftir að þeim er batnað. Þriðja stigs forvarnir miða að því að draga úr afleiðingum þunglyndis. Þær beinast m. a. að þeim hópi sjúklinga sem fá langvinnt þunglyndi sem svarar illa meðferð. Lokaorð Þunglyndi er algengasti geðsjúkdómurinn sem hrjáir eldra fólk. Sjúkdómurinn getur valdið alvarlegri fötlun og er tengdur aukinni dánartíðni. Það er því mjög mikilvægt að stjórnvöld sjái til þess að almenningur eigi greiðan aðgang að aðilum sem geta greint sjúkdóminn, með- höndlað hann og fylgst með bata. Heimildir 1. WHO. ICD-10: Classification of mental and behavioral disorders: Diagnostic riteria for reaserch: Geneva Switzer- land: World Health Organization 1993:77-90. 2. Lebowitz BD, Pearson JL et al. Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life. Consensus statement update. JAMA 1997;278:1186-1190. 3. Pálsson S, Johansson B et al. A popula- tion study on the influence of depres- sion on neuropsychological functioning in 85-years-olds. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000;101:185-193. 4. Mehta KM, Simonsick EM et al. Prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in well-functioning older adults: Findings from the health aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:499-504. 5. Huang BY, Commoni-Huntley J et al. Impact of depressive symptoms on hos- pitalisation risk in community-dwelling older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1279-1284. 6. Brenda W, Pennix BW et al. Changes in depression and physical decline in older adults: a longitudinal perspective. J Affect Dis 2000;61:1-12. 7. Copeland JRM, Beekman ATE et al. Depression in Europe: geographical distribution among older people. Br J Psychiatr 1999;174:312-321. 8. World Psychiatric Association WPA International Committee for Pre- vention and Treatment of Depression. Depressive disorders in older persons 1999. http://www.wpanet.org/ sectorial/edu4.html 9. Cole MG, Dendukuri N. Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Am J Psychiatr 2003;160:1147- 1156 10. Katona C, Livingston G. Impact of screening of old people with physical illness for depression? Lancet 2000; 356:91-2. 11. Brink TL, Yesavage JA, Lum O, Heersema P, Adey MB, Rose TL: Screening tests for geriatric depres- sion. Clin Gerontologist 1982;1:37-44. 12. Valdimarsdóttir M, Jónsson J E et al. Þunglyndismat fyrir aldraða - íslen- sk gerð. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Læknablaðið 2000; 86:344- 348. 13. Keller MB, Boland RJ. Implications of failing to achieve successful long- term maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar depression. Biol Psychiatr 1998;44:348-60. 14. Wilson K, Mottram P et al. Antidepressants versus placebo for the depressed elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3, 2003 (rafræn heimild). 15. Williams JW, Barrett J et al. Treatment of dysthymia and minor depres- sion in primary care: a randomised controlled trial in older adults. JAMA 2000;284:1519-26 16. Tew JD, Mulsant BH et al. Acute efficacy of ECT in the treatment of major depression in the old-old. Am J Psychiatr 1999;156:1865-70. 17. Anderson DN. Treating depression in old age: the reasons to be posi- tive. Age and Ageing 2001;30:13-17. 18. Pinquart M, Sorensen D. How effective are psychotherapeutic and other psychosocial interventions with older adults? A meta-analysis. J Mental Health Aging 2001;7:207-43. 19. Tuma TA. Outcome of hospital-treated depression at 4.5 years. An eld- erly and a younger adult cohort compared. Br J Psychiatr 2000; 176:224- 8. 20. O´Brien JT, Ames D. Severe deep white matter lesions and outcome in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: a follow-up study. BMJ 1998;317:982.

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