Vinnumarkaður - 01.06.1998, Side 49

Vinnumarkaður - 01.06.1998, Side 49
Starfandi fólk 47 klst. hours 60 -|--------- Mynd 2.5 Meðalfjöldi vinnustunda í viðmiðunarviku 1991-1997 Figure 2.5 Average actual hours of work 1991-1997 20 10 Karlar Males -------Konur Females 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Bágt atvinnuástand er ekki aðeins hægt að mæla með því að skoða atvinnuleysi. Auk atvinnulausra geta hópar fólks verið í hlutastörfum vegna þess að ekki er völ á fullu starfi. Þetta fólk á rétt á atvinnuleysisbótum samkvæmt íslenskum lögum og telst því atvinnulaust í skrám vinnumiðlana. I vinnumarkaðskönnun Hagstofunnar og samkvæmt alþjóðlegum skilgreiningum telst þetta fólk þó vera starfandi en vinnulítið. Hlutfall vinnulítilla af öllum starfandi var 2,8% árið 1997 samanborið við 3,2% ári áður. Frá árinu 1991 hefur hlutfall vinnulítilla sveiflast nokkum veginn í takt við breytingar á atvinnuleysi. Olíkt atvinnuleysinu sem getur verið jafn mikið meðal karla og kvenna er mun algengara að konur séu í skertu starfi en karlar, eða 5,1% á móti 0,9% árið 1997. Þessi munur tengist því að hlutfallslega mun fleiri konur eru í hlutastörfum en karlar. A árinu 1997 vom 46,7% kvenna í hlutastarfi en aðeins 11,6% karla. Unemployment is not the only criterion for measuring a poor employment situation. Beside the unemployed, groups of people may be in part-time jobs because they do not have the opportunity of full-time work. Under lcelandic law such people are entitled to unemployment benefít and are therefore counted as unemployed in employment agency records. In the Statistics Iceland labour force surveys and by intemational defmitions, these people are considered to be at work, but underemployed. The proportion of underemployed to total employed was 2.8% in 1997 compared with 3.2% the previous year. Since 1991 the proportion of underemployed has broadly fluctuated in pace with changes in the unemployment level. While unemployment can be equally high among men and women, it is far more common for women to be underemployed than men; the 1997 figures were 5.1% as against 0.9%. This difference is linked to the relatively much larger number of women than men in part- time employment. In 1997,46.7% of women were in part-time employment, but only 11.6% of men.
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