Læknablaðið : fylgirit - 01.08.2003, Blaðsíða 47

ABSTRACTS / 27TH NORDIC PSYCHIATRIC CONGRESS I
Results: Expectations for help in 2000 was compared with the
expectations from 1990, and assessed according to social supporl
and living in an urban or rural area.
Conclusions: The discussion will be about whether a change in
attitude towards and expectations of help for mental health prob-
lems has grown substantially during the follow-up period, and il
social support or area has any modifying effect on whom people
would turn to for help.
S-XX/5 Saturday 16/8,11:00-12:30
Problems with prediction in mental health follow-up
studies
Nygárd JF, BSc, Institute of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo. Sandanger I,
Klungsoyr O.
jfnygard@basalmed.uin.no
Background: Numerous studies have found an association of self-
reported health, including mental health, on mortality. However, it
is uncertain if, and more importantly; why, a self-reported question-
naire as the HSCL-25, should predict long-term mortality. The
HSCL-25 is designed to measure “mood of today/last 14 days , and
it is shown be sensitive to changes in mental health over time.
Aims: How long after an assessment of mental health, should the
assessment predict mortality?
Method: In 1990 a random individual population cohort in an urban
and a rural area, N=2015 was interviewed. The cohort has been
linked with The Norwegian Population Registry with data on mor-
tality until December 31st 2001. Mortality hazard rates have been
calculated by parametric and semi-parametric regression models
Results: The mortality hazard rates were low, and equal in the first
three years of follow-up among persons with HSCL-25 score below
and above 1.75. In the next seven years, a higher mortality rate was
seen in persons with scores above 1.75.
Condusions: There are selection effects in population-based studies
with regard to mortality. The prognostic value of HSCL-25 on
mortality did not appear until three years after the assessment.
S-XX/6 Saturday 16/8,11:00-12:30
Changes in incidence rates of depression during thel990-
2000 period
Sandanger I, MD, PhD, Institutt for medisinske adferdsfag. Universitetet i Oslo,
Postboks 1111 Blindem, 0317, Oslo, Norway. Nygárd JF, Sdrensen T.
inger.sandanger@basalmed. uio. no
Background: In the 1990s, the health and social insurance services
have experienced a steep rise in the occurrence of persons with a
depression diagnosis. It is, however, uncertain if the morbidity
(illness) has increased or if the increase can be explained by more
use/acceptance of the use of a depression diagnosis.
Aims: To estimate the change in prevalence and incidence rates ol
depression from 1990 to 2001.
Method: In 1990 depression was diagnosed by both CIDI, and
HSCL-25 in a random individual population cohort in an urban and
a rural area, N=2015. The cohort has been reinterviewed in 2001-02
with the same instruments. The cohort has been supplemented with
a sample of younger participants from the same areas.
Results: The two-week prevalence in 1990 of ICD-10 depression
was 4.3% in women and 0.7% in men. In comparison 19.8% of the
women and 9.3% of the men had a HSCL-25 symptom score>1.75.
Incidence rates for depression were 30.3 per lOOOpy for women and
4.4 per lOOOpy for men. The new prevalence and incidence rates
will be given.
Condusions: Whether there is a rise in depression illness will be
discussed.
S-XX/7 Saturday 16/8, 11:00-12:30
ls smoking a risk factor for depression?
KlungsH.vr O, Research Fellow. Institute of Behvaioural Medicine, University of Oslo,
Norway. Sandanger I. Nygárd JF.
ole. khmgsoyr@basalmed. uio.no
Background: Smoking is associated with symptoms of anxiety and de-
pression. One interpretation is that people smoke to calm their nerves.
However, newer research has shown that young people without
nervous problems more often become depressed if they start to smoke.
Aims: Is smoking a risk factor for depression?
Method: A population cohort from 1990 (N=2015) has been
reinterviewed in 2001-02 with the same instruments for smoking
and depression (the CIDI, the HSCL-25).
Results: The rates of depression and anxiety in non-smokers in 1990
who have later started to smoke, in smokers who have quit, in
continuous smokers and non-smokers will be presented.
Conclusions: The evidence for smoking as a risk factor for depres-
sion will be discussed.
S-XXI/1 Saturday 16/8,11:00-12:30
Cognitive-behavioural understanding and treatment of
severe and persistent health anxiety (“hypochondriasis”)
Paul M. Salkovskis Professor, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s
College, London and Maudsley Hospital Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma
p.salkovskis@iop.kcl.ac.uk
This workshop aims to provide a strong theoretical understanding
and practical clinical introduction to cognitive-behavioural treat-
ment (CBT) as applied to severe and persistent health anxiety, (the
clinical diagnosis of “hypochondriasis”). Such CBT has now been
shown to be effective in the treatment of hypochondriasis in several
randomised controlled trials. The cognitive behavioural theory,
which forms the basis of such treatment, suggests that for severe
and persistent health anxiety, patients' problems lie not in the
physical symptoms and other bodily variations they experience but
rather in the way they interpret and react to these symptoms, and
the way they respond to other medical information. There are dif-
ferences between health anxiety and other anxiety disorders, which
mean that the emphasis in CBT differs from treatments for anxiety
disorders such as panic, having most in common with CBT for
obsessional problems. In particular, the importance of helping the
patient to develop and test alternative, non-catastrophic interpreta-
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