Jökull - 01.12.1979, Page 82

ered volcano Katla in Mýrdalsjökull (Fig. 1). Dur-
ing the last eruption in 1918 the southern coast of
Mýrdalssandur moved out by 200 m and by 2.2—
2.5 km since 1660. The third well known subglacial
volcano is Oræfajökull which erupted in 1362 with
catastrophal effects for the neighbouring districts
and again in 1727 with less damaging effects. Sub-
glacial fissure eruptions may occur in other areas.
The main moraines in front of the glaciers in
Iceland date back to the maximum advance in the
last centuries. All the proglacial landforms associ-
ated with retreating glaciers are found between the
present glacier snouts and these moraines. Some of
the end moraines from 1890 still have ice cores.
During the very rapid retreat after 1930 proglacial
lakes have formed in front of Skeidarárjökull and
Breidamerkurjökull. The largest lake is Jökulsárlón
on Breidamerkursandur which reaches 120 m be-
low sea level. The material released from the glacier
has not been sufficient to fill up the lakes. Due to
sedimentation into the proglacial lakes the build-
ing up of the sandur deltas has been stopped in
places.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Ahlmann, H. W:son and S. Thorarinsson, 1937 —
1943: Vatnajökull. Scientific results of the
Swedish-Icelandic investigations 1936-37-38.
Geogr. Annlr. 19: 146—231, 20: 171 — 233, 21:
39—66, 171—242, 22: 188—205, 25: 1—54.
Bjömsson, H., 1971/72: Bægisárjökull, North Ice-
land. Results of glaciological investigations
1967—1968. Part I. Mass balance and general
meteorology. Jökull 21: 1 — 23, Part II. The
energy balance. Jökull 22: 44—61.
Björnsson, H., 1974: Explanation of jökulhlaups
from Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Jökull
24: 1—26.
Björnsson, H., 1975: Subglacial water reservoirs,
jökulhlaups and volcanic eruptions. Jökull 25:
1 — 14.
Björnsson, H., 1976: Marginal and supraglacial
lakes in Iceland. Jökull 26: 40—51.
Einarsson, Th., 1963: Pollen-analytical studies on
the vegetation and climate history of Iceland in
Late and Post-Glacial times. In Löve A. and D.
Löve (Ed.): North Atlantic Biota and their
History: 355—365. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Einarsson, Tr., 1959: Studies of the Pleistocene in
Eyjafjördur, middle Northern Iceland. Soc. Sci.
Islandica 33: 1—62.
Eythorsson, J., 1963: Variation of Iceland glaciers
1931 —1960. Jökull 13: 31 — 33.
Eythorsson, J. and H. Sigtryggsson, 1971: The
climate and weather of Iceland. The Zoology of
Iceland 1 (3); 1 — 62.
Hjulström, F., A. Sundborg, L. Arnborg and J.
Jónsson, 1954—57: The Hoffellssandur, a
glacial outwash plain. Geogr. Annlr. 36 (1—2):
135—189, 37 (3—4); 170-245, 39 (2—3):
143—212.
Holtzscherer, J. J., 1954: Expedition Franco-Is-
landaise au Vatnajökull mars-avril 1951.
Resultats des sondages séismiques. Jökull 4:
1—32.
Okko, V., 1956: Glacial drift in Iceland, its origin
and morphology. Bull. Comm. géol. Finlande
170: 1 — 133.
Price, R. J., 1969: Moraines, sandurs, kames and
eskers near Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland. Trans.
Inst. Brit. Geogr. 46: 17—43.
Price, R. J., 1971: The development and destruc-
tion of a sandur, Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland.
Arctic and Alpine Research 3 (3): 225—237.
Rist, S., 1967 — 77: Glacier variations. Jökull 17 —
27.
Sigbjarnarson, G., 1967: The changing level of
Hagavatn and glacial recession in this century.
Jökull 17: 263-279.
Sigbjarnarson, G., 1970: On the recession of
Vatnajökull. Jökull 20: 50—61.
Thorarinsson, S., 1943: Oscilliations of the Iceland
glaciers in the last 250 years. Geogr. Annlr. 25
(1—2): 1—54.
Thorarinsson, S., 1956: On the variations of
Svínafellsjökull, Skaftafellsjökull and Kvíár-
jökull in Öræfi. Jökull 6: 1 —15.
Thorarinsson, S., 1969: Glacier surges in Iceland,
with special reference to the surges of Brúarjök-
ull. Can. J. Earth Sci. 6: 875—82.
Thorarinsson, S., 1974: Vötnin stríd [The swift
flowing rivers]: 254 pp. Bókaútgáfa
Menningarsjóds, Reykjavík.
Thorarinsson, S., 1974: Sambúd lands og lýds í ellefu
aldir. [Land and people through eleven
centuries]. Líndal, S. (Ed.): Saga Islands I:
29—97. Hid islenska bókmenntafélag. Reykja-
vík.
Tómasson, H., 1976: The sediment load of Ice-
landic rfvers. Nordic Hydrological Conference.
1976: V-l-16. Reykjavík.
80 JÖKULL 29. ÁR