Jökull


Jökull - 01.01.2017, Side 33

Jökull - 01.01.2017, Side 33
Svavarsdóttir et al. within a narrow range of 0.70305–0.70315, except one outlier sample from Dyngjuháls (NAL-486) with 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70322. Similarly, three sam- ples from the Gígöldur crater row also display high Sr-isotopic ratios (0.70320). Basement rocks of the Bárðarbunga central volcano display 143Nd/144Nd ra- tios between 0.51305–0.51310 and samples from Gíg- öldur and Dyngjuháls fall mostly within this range (Figure 5a). However, a single sample from the Dyngjuháls region (NAL–491) has somewhat higher 143Nd/144Nd ratio of 0.51313. This sample is unique among the samples collected in this region in hav- ing the highest MgO value of 8.17 wt%. In general, published radiogenic isotope data from Bárðarbunga and the NRZ follow a negative trend in 143Nd/144Nd– 87Sr/86Sr space (Figure 5a). Offsets from this general trend, as evident in the case of the samples NAL–491, NAL–495 and SAL–309, can be explained by sec- ondary alteration processes following emplacement, which may act to shift the ratios toward more radio- genic Sr-isotopic values, which may be at least partly influence by seawater (e.g., Hémond et al., 1993). Such modifications can be difficult to avoid for Sr iso- topes, but should not affect Nd isotopes, as Nd, being relatively fluid-immobile, is largely unaffected by sec- ondary alteration processes. Hafnium isotopes have been measured in only five samples from the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, and published Hf isotope analyses from the NRZ are mostly of Þeistareykir lavas (e.g., Stracke et al., 2003). Hafnium isotopic ratios of the eruptive units north of Vatnajökull fall within a narrow 176Hf/177Hf range (0.28320–0.28323; Figure 5c and e). As Hf- Nd isotopes generally follow a strong positive trend in oceanic basalts (White, 2015), the slightly elevated 143Nd/144Nd ratios of samples NAL–491 and NAL– 495 become apparent (Figure 5e). We note, how- ever, that such offsets have been reported previously for Icelandic basalts, e.g., from Þeistareykir (Stracke et al., 2003), Krafla (Koornneef et al., 2011; Sims et al., 2013) and Bárðarbunga (Manning and Thirl- wall, 2014), suggesting that analytical issues are an unlikely cause for these offsets. Lead isotopic ratios (208Pb/204Pb vs. 206Pb/204Pb) of eruptive units north of Vatnajökull (Figure 6b and Table 2) are also in good agreement with recently published data from Bárðarbunga and the NRZ (See captions for Figure 6 for references). The same ap- plies to 207Pb/204Pb ratios (not shown here, see de- tails in Svavarsdóttir, 2017) which have been found to be highly variable in rocks from these regions. As basalts from Þeistareykir are significantly less radio- genic than remaining data from the NRZ, they are ex- cluded in further comparison. We note that sample NAL–486 has slightly elevated 208Pb/204Pb ratio of 38.207 (Figure 6b), and somewhat elevated Sr iso- topic ratio (0.70322), but that these values are con- sistent with published data. The Bárðardalur region Generally, the Sr-, Nd- and Hf-isotopic ratios of the Bárðardalur lava flows overlap those of the published data from Bárðarbunga (Figures 5b, d and f). In de- tail, 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundmass and whole rock samples from the Kinnarhraun and Bárðardalshraun lavas lie within a narrow range (0.70306-0.70309), ex- cept for two groundmass samples, B15–02 and B15– 10 that display significantly higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (up to 0.703497; Figure 5d, note difference in x-axis scale on Figure 5b and 5d). The fact that plagioclase separates from these samples display 87Sr/86Sr ratios which are within the range of other samples from the Bárðardalur region and since sample B15–10 was an unusually weathered sample, suggests that modifica- tions of primary values have taken place (see a com- panion paper and Svavarsdóttir, 2017). The single sample analyzed from the Kvíahraun lava (B15–01) displays similarly elevated Sr-isotopic ratios suggest- ing a different source. The 87Sr/86Sr obtained for the historical Frambruni lava (B15–05) is in good agree- ment with 87Sr/86Sr ratio published for this lava (i.e., Sigmarsson and Halldórsson, 2015). A single sam- ple reported from Útbruni lava is within the typical 87Sr/86Sr range reported for Kinnarhraun and Bárðar- dalshraun lavas. Neodymium isotopic ratios were measured in three samples (B15–02, B15–19, B15–16) from the Kinnarhraun and Bárðardalshraun lavas, and fall within a narrow 143Nd/144Nd range of 0.51309– 0.51310. We note the rather large difference between 143Nd/144Nd ratios of samples from Frambruni deter- 28 JÖKULL No. 67, 2017

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