Skógræktarritið - 15.05.2006, Page 63

Skógræktarritið - 15.05.2006, Page 63
Heimildir 1. Ingvi Þorsteinsson. 1963. Rannsóknir á áhrifum beitar á gróðurfar Landmannaafréttar. Náttúrufræðingurinn 33: 187-203. 2. Ingvi Þorsteinsson og Gunnar Ólafsson. 1967. Fjárbeit í skóglendi og úthaga. Ársrit Skógræktarfélags íslands, bls. 6-14. 3. Anna G. Þórhallsdóttir og Ingvi Þorsteinsson. 1993. Behaviour and plant selection. Búvísindi 7: 59-77. 4. Ágúst H. Bjarnason. 1980. The history of woodland in Fnjóskadalur. Acta Phytogeographica Suecia 68: 31-42. 5. Arnþór Garðarsson og R. Moss. 1970. Selection of food by Icelandic Ptarmigan in relation to its availability and nutritive value. í: Watson, A. (ritstj.), Animal populations in relation to their food sources. Blackwell, Oxford og Edinborg, bls. 47-71. 6. Atkinson, M. D. 1992. Biological flora of the British Isles: Betula pendula and Betula pubescens. Journal of Ecology 80: 837-870. 7. Sigurður Blöndal. 1993. Socioeconomic importance of forests in Iceland. í: Alden, ]., Mastrantonio, J. L. og 0dum, S. (ritstj.), Forest development in cold climates. Plenum Press, New York, bls. 1-14. 8. Pears, N. V. 1967. Present tree-lines of Cairngorn mountains, Scotland. lournal of Ecology 55: 815-829. 9. Hester, A. J. og Miller, G. R. 1995. Scrub and woodland regeneration: prospects for the future. í: Thompson, D. B. A., Hester, A. J. og Usher, M. B. (ritstj.), Heather and moorlands: cultural landscapes. HMSO, Edinborg, bls. 140-153. 10. Borgþór Magnússon og Sigurður H. Magnússon, S. H. 1992. Rannsóknir á gróðri og plöntuvali sauðfjár í beitartilraun á Auðkúluheiði. Fjölrit Rala nr. 159, Reykjavík, 106 bls. 11. Bryant, J. P., Chapin, F. S. III og Klein, D. R. 1983. Carbon/nutrient balance of plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40: 357-368. 12. Coley, P. D., Bryant, J. P. og Chapin, F. S. III. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230: 895-899. 13. Tuomi, J. 1992. Toward integration of plant defense theories. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:365-367. 14. Helle, T. 2000. Mountain birch forests and reindeer husbandry. f: Wielgolaski, F. E. (ritstj.). Nordic Mountain Birch Ecosystems. Man and the Biosphere Series. UNESCO, París. 15. Neuvonen, S„ Haukioja, E. og Molarius, A. 1987. Delayed induced resistance against a leaf-chewing insect in four deciduous tree species. Oecologia 74: 363-369. 16. Bryant, J.P., Tahvanainen, J„ Sulkinoja, M„ Julkunen-Tiitto, R„ Reichardt P. B. og Green, T. 1989. Biogeographic evidence for the evolution of chemical defense by boreal birch and willow against mammalian browsing. American Naturalist 134: 20-34. 17. Haukioja, E. og Heino, J. 1974. Birch consumption by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Finnish Lapland. Reports from the Kevo subarctic research station 1 1: 22-25. 18. Vare, H„ Ohtonen, R. og Oksanen, J. 1995. Effects of reindeer grazing on understorey vegetation in dry Pinus sylvestris forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 523-530. 19. Hoogesteger, J. og Karlsson, P. S. 1992. Effects of defoliation on radial stem growth and photosynthesis in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa). Functional Ecology 6: 317-323. 20. Karlsson P. S„ Olsson L. og Hellström K. 1996. Trade-offs among investments in different long-shoot functions - variation among mountain birch individuals. Journal of Ecology 84: 915-921. 21. Soffía Arnþórsdóttir og Álfheiður Ólafsdóttir. 2001. The role of herbivory for downy birch growth and resistance in an Icelandic shrubland. Skógræktarritið 1: 171-174. 22. Pigott, C. D. 1983. Regeneration of oak-birch woodland following exclusion of sheep. Journal of Ecology 71: 629- 646. 23. Heal, O. W„ Callaghan, T. V„ Cornelissen, J. H. C„ Körner, C. og Lee, S. E. 1998. Global research in Europe's cold regions. Ecosystems research report nr. 27. Office for the official publications of the European communites, Luxembourg, 137 bls. 24. Soffía Arnþórsdóttir. 2002. Lífríki íslenskra birkiskóga. Skógræktarritið 2: 61-75. 25. De Groot, W. J„ Thomas, P. A. og Wein, R. W. 1997. Biological flora of the British Isles. Betula nana L. and Betula gladulosa Michx. Journal of Ecology 85: 241-264. 26. Olofsson, J„ Kitti, H„ Rautiainen, P„ Stark, S. ogOksanen, L. 2001. Effects of summergrazingby reindeeron composition of vegetation, productivity and nitrogen cycling. Ecography 24: 13-24. SKÓGRÆKTARRITIÐ 2006 61
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