Gripla - 01.01.1977, Page 160

156 GRIPLA
(5) A Iist of stems undergoing Initial umlaut
(a) Nouns
markaður ‘market’, dat. pl. mörkuð-um
faðir ‘father’, oblique sg. föður
mastur ‘mast’, nom./acc. pl. möstur
sumar ‘summer’, nom./acc. pl. sumur
hundrað ‘hundred’, nom./acc. pl. hundruð
(b) Adjectives
gamall ‘old’, nom. sg. f. gömul
annar ‘other, second’, nom. sg. f. önnur
atall ‘energetic’, nom. sg. f. ötul
einsamall ‘alone’, nom. sg. f. einsömul
allursaman ‘all together’, nom. sg. f. öllsömun
the type fagur ‘fair’, nom. sg. f. fögur
(c) Verbs: no unambiguous examples
be characterized as much used or idiosyncratic.) Faðir belongs to an
idiosyncratic inflexional type (cf. the plural stem feð{u)r-) and is also
the only Modern Icelandic stem displaying u-umlaut before an u not
immediately preceded by a morpheme boundary; cf. par. 3 below.
Sumar has double definite nominative/accusative plural, sumrin and
sumurin. Gamall has suppletive comparison, comparative eldri, super-
lative elztur. Annar has unique inflection, cf. its stems annar- (önnur-)
and aðr- (öðr-). Einsamall and allursaman manifest unique allomorphic
variation. For instance, their respective nominative singular feminine
case forms are ein-sömul -sömun and öll-sömul -sömun. Saman occurs
inflected only in the compounds einsamall and allursaman, and only in
a few case forms at that: nom. sg. f. and nom./acc. pl. n. ein- öll-
sömun, nom./acc. sg. n. alltsamanft), cf. Blöndal 1920-24 s.v. allur
and p. 1008 s.v. allur\ Böðvarsson 1963 s.v. allursaman. Fagur (with
epenthetic u and stem final r) displays allomorphic variation in com-
parison (e.g. comparative fegri, fegurri, fagrari,3 superlative fegurstur,
fagrastur) and sometimes even in the morphological paradigm (gen. sg.
f. fagurrar, rarer fagrar, dat. sg. f. fagurri, rarer fagri, gen. pl. fagurra,
rarer fagra).—The irregularity of mastur, sumar, gamall, -samall, and
3 The last mentioned form is not adduced in the handbooks, but the OHÍ has it
registered.