Gripla - 01.01.1977, Page 162

GRIPLA
158
(7) nom. sg. fatn + aðyr
acc. fatn + að
dat. fatn + aði
gen. fatn + aðar
pl. fatn + aðir
fatn + aði
fatn + YðYm
fatn + aða
this case markaður ceases to be a case of Initial umlaut. I would here
mention the possibility that the -að- of hundrað has also been identified
with the common suffix -að-, in which case the nom./acc. pl. hundruð
and the dat. pl. hundruðum need not contain /a/ changed to /y/ by
the synchronic rule of u-umlaut, but the case desinences / + Yð/ and
/ + YðYm/, respectively, in which event the noun is removed from the
sphere of Initial umlaut.—A set of further analyses is generated by the
possibility that there is more than one morphological cut in every form,
e.g. /fat + nað + Yr/. As these analyses all operate with either Initial
umlaut or with umlaut in monosyllabic stems, not with any third kind
of u-umlaut, they are not treated in detail here. Last but not least, it is
conceivable that not all speakers of Icelandic analyze the lexical items
á la fatnaður in the same way, but some choose (unconsciously of
course) one, and some another altemative analysis. In particular, it is
possible that for some speakers fötnuðum is a case of Initial umlaut, for
others a case of umlaut in monosyllabic stems. The fact that there are
so many descriptive altematives is the reason why I characterize the
fatnaður type, and the remaining types of words to be discussed pre-
sently, as unreliable instances of Initial umlaut.
The nouns in -uður. Most nouns in -uður are masculine, derived, and
do not display synchronic u-umlaut in their inflexion at all. If they
contain /ö/ in their root syllable beside u in -uð-, those /ö/ and /y/
are lexicalized; examples: frömuður ‘pioneer’, hugsuður ‘thinker’, etc.
On the other hand, a few nouns in -uður display Initial umlaut outside
their genitives of both numbers, e.g. söfnuður ‘congregation’, gen. sg.
safnaðar, pl. safnaða. (Halldórsson 1950:99 adduces gen. pl. safnaða
(8) Examples of nouns in -uður, gen. -aða(r)
söfnuður ‘congregation’, cf. safna ‘collect’
fögnuður ‘joy’
jöfnuður ‘equity’
söknuður ‘sorrow’
mánuður ‘month’
fagna ‘rejoice’
jafna ‘make even’
sakna ‘miss’
J