Gripla - 01.01.1977, Side 183

MODERN ICELANDIC U-UMLAUT
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einangra ‘isolate’
hangsa ‘idle’
flangsast ‘fawn and coax’
slangra ‘sling; stroll idly’
einangruð-
hangsuð-
flangsuð-
slöngruð- and
e. I. past participles of weak verbs
nom. sg. f. jánkuð- of jánka
einangruð- of einangra
etc.
II. derivatives of verbal stems sub d
slangr-uð
einangrun ‘isolation’
einangrari ‘insolator’, dat. pl. einangrurum
ranglari ‘vagrant’
hangsari ‘dawdler’
flangsari ‘fawner’
ranglurum
hangsurum
flangsurum
III. other non-verbs
bangsi ‘teddybear’, dat. pl. bangsum
blánka ‘bleach’, oblique sg. blánku
leiðangur ‘expedition’, dat. pl. leiðöngrum,
rarer also leiðangrum, cf. Helgason in Holberg 1948:296
fanginn ‘captured’, dat. pl. föngnum, rarer
also fangnum, cf. Helgason ibidem
environments and are in complementary distribution in the sense that
/au ^ öi/ only takes place before a non-anterior nasal, /a ■—> ö/ and
/a — y/ elsewhere.
/a—ö/ occurs with greater regularity than /au—öi/. For instance,
there is skammur ‘short’, dat. pl. skömmum, parallel to l[ím\ngur ‘long’,
dat. pl. l[öi]ngum; on the other hand, there is kalla ‘call’, lp. pl. pres.
köllum, pret. pl. kölluð-, but angra ‘anger’, of the same conjugation, lp.
pl. pres. [au\ngrum (not [öi]ngrum), pret. pl. [au]ngruð- (not [öi]«gr-
uð-). No treatment of the discrepancy of which löngum and angrum
are an example has been published. As far as I can see, the alternation
/au—öi/ occurs almost regularly (i.e. in the same contexts as the alter-
nation /a—ö/) in non-verbs; a few exceptions are enumerated in (24e).
In verbs, however, there is a complication in that some verbs do, and
others do not, display the alternation /au—öi/, and a few vacillate
between /au—öi/ and the lack of alternation. What I consider—im-