Iðjuþjálfinn - 01.12.2000, Blaðsíða 13

Breytur: n M P xildi
Iðjuþjálfar sem höfðu mesta reynslu af vinnu með öldruðum 25 47,28
Iðjuþjálfar sem höfðu mesta reynslu af vinnu með fullorðnum 34 43,65 0,033
Iðjuþjálfar sem unnu utan stofnana 22 47,32
Iðjuþjálfar sem unnu á endurhæfingarstöðvum 20 43,40 0,04
Iðjuþjálfar í umsjárhlutverki 24 46,75
Iðjuþjálfar ekki í umsjárhlutverki 25 43,60 0,046
3. tafla: Mismunandi hópar iðjuþjálfa
Danmörk Annað land
(n = 42) (n = 31)
Forræði M (SF) M (SF) t gildi p gildi
Velvildar 8,88 (2,86) 10,48 (3,62) -2,11 0,038
Dulið 7,48 (2,23) 9,23 (3,58) -2,56 0,012
Sterkt 8,57 (2,74) 10,23 (3,47) -2,28 0,026
í athöfnum daelegs lífs 17,83 (5,02) 20,58 (5,98) -2,13 0,037
Öll prófmarktæk við p < .05.
4. tafla: Marktækur munur á afstöðu iðjuþjálfa til foiTæðis
eftir því hvort menntun er fengin í Danmörku eða öðru landi.
Summary
• Introduction: The increasing number and
proportion of elderly and the increased
incidence of chronic illness that accompanies
old age has resulted in more health care needs
of the elderly population. The occupational
therapy profession has a tradition of respond-
ing to the needs of society and supporting the
vitality and independence of all individuals.
The purpose of the study was to contribute
information regarding autonomy and pater-
nalism in caregiving of the elderly. It is as-
sumed that occupational therapists with
attitudes that support autonomy in caregiving
of elderly parents will be more likely to
support the autonomy of elderly clients and
their families. This study is a part of a larger
survey that have been conducted in U.S.A. and
Australia, co-ordinated by Dr. Gail Ann Hills
professor in Occupational Therapy in Florida
International University.
• Methods: In this study, a sample of seventy-
four occupational therapists living in Iceland
were surveyed regarding their attitudes and
beliefs of autonomy and paternalism in
relation to care of an elderly parent.
Questionnaires originally made by V.G.
Cicirelli in 1989, were translated and adjusted
to Icelandic culture. Score means, means,
standard deviations and percentages
described the attitudes and beliefs of the
occupational therapists toward autonomy and
paternalism. T-test, one way ANOVA, and
Chi-squares were used to see if significant
differences existed between groups.
• Results: Results indicated that the
occupational therapists in Iceland agreed
substantially more with autonomy (M =
112.24) than with paternalism (M = 62.03).
Consultant autonomy, when the elder consults
with another individual before he/she makes
the decision, received the most support from
the therapists. Significant differences were
found between some subtypes of autonomy,
paternalism and demographic variables.
• Disctission: Older persons' feelings of com-
petence and self-worth depend upon the
enablement of active participation in self-care,
leisure, and productive occupations valued by
the elder. Age-related changes can limit older
persons' occupational performance thus they
may be dependent on family, community,
health care providers and institutions.
Autonomy of the elderly and an acknowledg-
ment of older persons as individuals, and as a
societal resource must be one of the priorities
in future health care. It is assumed that
occupational therapists in Iceland are qualified
to assist with bringing about necessary
changes in the Icelandic health care system of
the future, including the needs of the elderly
population to stay as autonomous and
independent as they desire.
Húfundur er iðjuþjálfi MS,
lektor við Háskólann á Akureyri
°9
starfar einnig á Reykjalundi
Endurhæfingarmiöstöð