Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Side 210

Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Side 210
208 Greinargerð um aðferðir og hugtök því að iðnmeistarar séu flokkaðir á 5. stigi. Iðnmeisturum má þó skipta í tvennt, annars vegar þá sem hafa lokið meistara-skóla og hins vegar þá sem hafa fengið meistarabréf á grundvelli starfsreynslu. Þeir sem luku sveinsprófi frá og með 1989 mun nú vera skylt að ljúka námi úr meistaraskóla til að öðlast réttindi iðnmeistara. I vinnumarkaðskönnunum 1996-1999 var aðeins innt eftir því hvort þeir sem hafa lokið sveinsprófi í iðngrein hafi jafnframt öðlast meistara- réttindi. Frá og með nóvember 1999 hafa svarendur með meistararéttindi verið spurðir um hvort þeir hafi lokið meistaraskóla eða ekki. Eins og við má búast hefur endurskoðun flokkunar- kerfisins töluverð áhrif á heildarmynd af skiptingu þjóðar- innar eftir menntun. Fólki sem aðeins hefur lokið grunnmenntun fjölgar en þeim fækkar að sama skapi sem lokið hafa framhaldsskólamenntun. Þeim sem lokið hafa menntun á sérskóla- eða háskólastigi fækkar lítillega miðað við fyrri útgáfu flokkunarkerfisins. Þar sem það eru fyrst og fremst karlmenn sem hafa aflað sér stuttrar starfsmenntunar sem flokkast ekki lengur á stigi 3 hefur endurflokkunin einkum áhrif á menntunarstig þeirra en minni á konur. I vinnumarkaðskönnunum hefur ekki verið spurt um menntun námsmanna heldur um námið sem þeir stunda. Menntunarstig þeirra er því ákvarðað eftir þeim forkröfum sem gerðar eru á viðkomandi skólastigi. Þó er gerð sú undantekning að þeir svarendur sem eru í háskóla að búa sig undir framhaldsgráðu og eru yngri en 25 ára eru aðeins flokkaðir með fengna menntun á stigi 3 en ekki með lægstu háskólagráðu. Við endurflokkun menntunarupplýsinganna hafa einnig verið leiðréttar rangar flokkanir á fyrri stigum. Alls nema slíkar leiðréttingar um 3% sem skiptast nokkuð jafnt til hækkunar og lækkunar á menntunarstigi kvenna. Menntunar- stig karla hefur hins vegar lækkað við leiðréttingarnar. Þegar tekið er tillit til áhrifa af endurskoðun flokkunar- kerfisins og leiðréttingum reyndist í 11,3% tilvika um flokkun á lægra ISCED stigi en 1,0% um flokkun á hærra stigi. Menntun karla var í 17,9% tilvika flokkuð lægra en fyrr, samanborið við aðeins 4,9% kvenna. Að lokum er rétt að geta þess að ekki er hægt að bera saman tölur um skiptingu menntunar f.o.m. 1996 miðað við árin 1991-1995. Astæðan liggur fyrst og fremst í mun ítarlegri spumingum frá og með 1996. Frá því ári var t.d. greint á milli sveina og meistara meðal iðnaðarmanna, en þeir síðarnefndu flokkast á sérskólastigi eða ISCED stigi 5. Þar sem karlar eru mikill meirihluti iðnaðarmanna hefur þessi breyting meiri áhrif á flokkun þeirra eftir menntun en kvenna. examination from a two-year programme in a commercial college or cooperative college. If no other information was available, those answers were classified under code 3.9, uncertain length of schooling. This also applies in the spring survey of 1996 to the classification of education acquired at an engineering school, where it proved impossible to determine what grade (of grades 1-3) the respondent had completed. In the same survey it was similarly impossible to determine whether a respondent had completed grade 3 or 4 for ship’s officers. In these cases the lower level was selected unless comments or information from older surveys indicated otherwise. According to the revised version of the ISCED classifying scheme, certified masters of trade are expected to be classified at level 5. However, certified masters of trade can be divided into two groups: on the one hand those who have completed a master-of-trade school programme and, on the other, those who have obtained their master’s certificate on the basis of their work experience. Since 1989 those who have completed theirjoumeyman’ s examination are obligated to fxnish education at a school certifying masters of trade in order to obtain certification as masters of their trade. The labour force surveys from 1996 through 1999 only enquired as to whether those who had attained joumeyman’s certification in a trade had also obtained a master’s certification. Since November 1999 respondents with a master’s certification have been asked about whether or not they have finished a school certifying masters of trade. As is to be expected, revising the classifying scheme has a considerable impact on the overall picture of how the population is distributed by educational attainment. There is an increase in the number of people having completed compulsory education, while the number of those having finished upper secondary education has decreased correspondingly. The number of people who have completed education at a special school or at the university level has dropped slightly as compared with the earlier edition of the classification system. As males form the majority of those having attained a short vocational education that is no longer classified at level 3, the reclassification has chiefly had an impact on their education level and less on the education level of females. In the labour force surveys students have not been asked about their educational attainment but rather about the schooling they are engaged in. Their educational attainment is therefore determined on the basis of admission requirements to the school level in question. There is one exception to this, however, as respondents under the age of 25 who are at university preparing for a postgraduate degree are classified as having merely a level 3 education and not a first university degree. In the process of reclassifying the education data, corrections have also been made of wrong classifications at lower levels. Such corrections account for approximately 3% of the whole, almost evenly divided between upgrading and downgrading the education level of females, whereas the education level of males has become lower upon correction. Considering the effects of revising the classification scheme and of corrections, the outcome proved to be
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