Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Qupperneq 213

Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Qupperneq 213
Greinargerð um aðferðir og hugtök 211 10.2 Skráð atvinnuleysi 10.2.1 Uppruni gagna Vinnumálastofnun (vinnumálaskrifstofa félagsmálaráðu- neytisins fyrir 1998) safnar mánaðarlega frá opinberum vinnumiðlunum upplýsingum um skráða atvinnuleysisdaga. Vinnumálastofnun birtir þessar niðurstöður eftir kyni og landssvæðum í Yfirliti um atvinnuástandið. Frá því árið 1986 hefur Hagstofan ársfjórðungslega safnað skýrslum frá sömu aðilum um tímalengd atvinnuleysis eftir kyni og aldri. Miðað er við lok febrúar, maí, ágúst og nóvember. Frá árinu 1986 t.o.m. febrúar 1988 var miðað við síðasta virkan föstudag í hverjum mánuði. Frá maí 1988 hefur verið miðað við síðasta virkan dag hvers viðmiðunarmánaðar. Hlutfalls- tölur um skráð atvinnuleysi hafa verið byggðar á áætlunum Þjóðhagsstofnunar. en efnahagsskrifstofu fjármálaráðu- neytisins fyrir 2002. Ekki þótti ástæða til að birta þær tölur hér, enda á eftir að fara fram viðamikil endurskoðun á mati á fjölda ársverka frá og með árinu 1998. 10.2.2 Þekja og áreiðanleiki Skráð atvinnulcysi. Skráning hjá opinberri vinnumiðlun er forsenda þess að fólk fái greiddar atvinnuleysisbætur. Ekki er öllum atvinnulausum kunnugt um þennan rétt. Sjálfstætt starfandi einstaklingar og þeir sem ekki hafa áður verið á vinnumarkaði, svo sem námsmenn og heimavinnandi fólk, hefurtakmarkaðan bótarétt. I reglum umatvinnuleysis- skráningu er einnig gert ráð fyrir að menn geti skráð sig atvinnulausa hluta úr degi ef þeir hafa aðeins hlutastarf en vilja fulla vinnu. Loks má gera ráð fyrir að á hverjum tíma séu ýmsir skráðir atvinnulausir sem í reynd eru ekki reiðu- búnir að hefja störf. Þessir meinbugir á opinberri atvinnu- leysiskráningu valda því að hún gefur ekki rétta mynd af raunverulegu atvinnuleysi í landinu, þ.e. fjölda þeirra sem á hverjum tíma hafa enga vinnu, eru að leita sér að vinnu og geta hafið störf strax. Skráð atvinnuleysi eftir aldri og lengd atvinnuleysis. Hagstofan hefur safnað gögnum um tímalengd skráðs atvinnuleysis eftir aldri og kyni í lok febrúar, maí, ágúst og nóvember ár hvert frá 1986. Fram til maí 1993 vareinungis leitað eftir skýrslum frá sveitarfélögum sem samkvæmt lögum var skylt að reka opinbera vinnumiðlun, þ.e. sveitar- félögum með 500 eða fleiri íbúa. Þessir staðir voru tæplega 80. I júlí og ágúst 1993 gerði Hagstofan sérstaka könnun meðal allra sveitarfélaga í landinu á því hverjir sæju um atvinnuleysisskráningu fyrir hönd viðkomandi sveitar- félags. Frá og með ágúst 1993 hefur verið aflað skýrslna frá öllum þeim sveitarfélögum og vinnumiðlunum sem skrá atvinnuleysi samkvæmt þessari athugun. Frá ágúst 1993 hafa heimtur á skýrslum um þennan þátt atvinnuleysis verið 100%. Við stofnun svæðisvinnumiðlana 1998 hafa þær séð um afhendingu þessara skýrslna. Aldursskipting í gögnum er miðuð við fæðingarár. f febrúar og maí er miðað við þá sem verða 16 ára og eldri í 10.2 Registered unemployment registration 10.2.1 Origin of data Information on the registered number of unemployment days is collected each month from the public employment agencies by the Directorate of Labour (in years before 1998 by the office of labour affairs in the Ministry of Social Affairs). The Directorate of Labour publishes the outcome by sex and region of the country in a special bulletin, Yfirlit um atvinnuástandið [Overview of the Employment Situation]. Since 1986 Statistics Iceland has collected quarterly reports from the same public bodies on the time duration of unemployment by sex and age. The reference points are the end of February, May, August and November. From 1986 through February 1988 the reference day was the last Friday of work in every month. Since May 1988 the reference day has been the last working day in each reference month. Percentages of registered unemployment used to be built on estimates froin the National Economic Institute (NEI), although for 2002 they came from the Economic Department of the Ministry of Finance. There was felt to be no reason for publishing those figures here, since a far- reaching review is still to occur on estimations of the number of man-years since 1998. 10.2.2 Coverage and reliability Registered unemployment. Registration at a public employment agency is a prerequisite for people receiving payment of unemployment compensation. Not all unemployed persons are aware of this right. Self-employed individuals and persons not previously in the labour market, such as students and homemakers, have a limited right to compensation. The rules on registering unemployment also plan for people to be able to register themselves as unemployed pait of the day if they have only a part-time job but desire full-time work. Moreover, at any one time various people may be expected to be registered unemployed who in fact are unwilling to commence work. These shortcomings in the public registration of unemployment result in its not providing a true picture of the actual unemployment in the country, i.e. the number of those who at eaeh time have no work, are seeking work and are able to start working immediately. Registered unemployment by age and the duration of unemployment. Statistics lceland has gathered data on the time duration of registered unemployment by age and sex at the close of February, May, August and November every year since 1986. Until May 1993, reports were only sought from local authorities required by law to operate public employment agencies, which was local authorities with a population of 500 residents or more. There were not quite 80 such locations. In July and August 1993, Statistics Iceland performed a specific survey among all Icelandic local authorities on who was responsible for the registration of unemployment on behalf of the local authority involved. Since August 1993 reports have been obtained from all the local authorities and employment agencies which, according to this investigation, register unemployment. The collection of reports on this aspect of unemployment has been 100% since August 1993. Since the establishment of the Regional Employment Services in 1998, they have seen to delivering these reports.
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