Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Page 200

Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Page 200
198 Greinargerð um aðferðir og hugtök Tafla 10.2 Heimtur í vinnumarkaðskönnunum Hagstofu íslands 2000-2002 Table 10.2 Responce in the labour force surveys 2000—2002 Heildartölur Absolute numbers Hlutfallstölur Percent 2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002 Apríl Nóv. Aprfl Nóv. Apríl Nóv. Apríl Nóv. Apríl Nóv. Apríl Nóv. Úrtak Sample Látnir Deceased Lögheimili erlendis Domicile abroad Aðsetur erlendis Residence abroad Hrein úrtaksstærð Net sample size Hreint úrtak Net sample Svarendur Respondents Neita Refusals Veikir III Fjarverandi Awayfrom home Finnast ekki No contact 4.477 4.477 4.475 4.456 7 13 12 11 36 45 37 39 105 120 121 97 4.329 4.299 4.305 4.309 4.329 4.299 4.305 4.309 3.699 3.717 3.685 3.638 352 338 352 373 44 40 45 30 73 45 61 77 161 159 162 191 4.449 4.452 100,0 100,0 9 8 0,2 0,3 34 49 0,8 1,0 114 128 2,3 2,7 4.292 4.267 96,7 96,0 4.292 4.267 100,0 100,0 3.646 3.629 85,4 86,5 393 417 8,1 7,9 43 44 1,0 0,9 75 65 1,7 1,0 135 112 3,7 3,7 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,8 0,9 0,8 1,1 2,7 2,2 2,6 2,9 96,2 96,7 96,5 95,8 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 85,6 84,4 84,9 85,0 8,2 8,7 9,2 9,8 1,0 0,7 1,0 1,0 1,4 1,8 1,7 1.5 3,8 4,4 3,1 2,6 eða um 85-90% af úrtakinu eftir að þeir eru dregnir frá sem eru látnir eða búsettir erlendis (sjá töflu 10.2). Öllum þátttakendum er sent bréf nokkru áður en hver könnun hefst þar sem tilgangur hennar er útskýrður og samvinnu þeirra er óskað. 10.1.3 Areiðanleiki Villur og skekkjuvaldar í úrtakskönnunum má í grófum dráttum flokka í tvennt. tírtökuskekkju og aðrar skekkjur. Hér á eftir er aðallega fjallað um þær skekkjur sem skipta máli í úrvinnslu vinnumarkaðskannana. Umfjöllunin er ekki tæmandi yfirlit yfir skekkjur í úrtakskönnunum. Urtökuskekkja. tírtaksrannsóknir hafa ávallt ákveðna óvissu í för með sér, sem felst í því að úrtakið er ekki nákvæm eftirmynd af heildarskránni eða þýðinu. Þar sem þessi óvissa ræðst af hendingu er unnt að reikna út öryggismörk fyrir þær stærðir sem metnar eru. I töflu 10.3 eru sýnd öryggismörk fyrir metnar stærðir í vinnumarkaðs- rannsókn Hagstofunnar, miðað við 95% öryggisstig. Til að finna öryggismörk fyrir stærðina 5.300 - þ.e. fjölda atvinnulausra 2002 - er fundin sú tala í vinstra dálki sem kemst næst þeim fjölda, þ.e. 5.000. Öryggismörkin eru síðan fundin í dálknum lengst til hægri, ± 800. Af því má álykta að 95% líkur séu á því að meðalatvinnuleysi 2002 hafi verið á bilinu 4.500 til 6.100. Sé stærð hóps metin minni en 1.000 fer staðalvillu- hlutfallið, þ.e. hlutfall staðalvillunnar af metnu stærðinni, yfir 20%. Aætlaðar stærðir, hlutfallstölur og meðaltöl fyrir smærri hópa en 1.000 eru sérstaklega auðkenndar með stjörnu (*), sbr. t.d. töflu 10.4. accurately reflect the proportion of these age groups within the nation. The net response rate in the LFS has been rather high compared with other sample surveys in Iceland: approxi- mately 85-90% of the sample after eliminating deceased persons and persons with a domicile abroad (cf. Table 10.2). Sometime prior to the commencement of each survey every participant receives a letter from Statistics Iceland explaining the purpose of the survey and requesting their cooperation. 10.1.3. Reliability In sample surveys, errors and causes of deviation fall into roughly two categories: sampling errors and other errors. The following addresses primarily those errors that are of significance while processing the LFS and is not a comprehensive discussion of errors in sample surveys. Sampling errors. Every sample survey entails a degree of uncertainty because of the sample not being an exact reflection of the entire registry or population. Because of the random nature of this uncertainty, it is possible to calculate the confidence limits for the numbers being estimated. The confidence limits for the numbers estimated in the LFS of Statistics Iceland are shown in Tabie 10.3 for a confidence level of 95%. To ftnd the confidence limits for a number of 5,300 (i.e., the number of unemployed in 2002) one locates the figure in the left column that most closely approximates this quantity, which is 5,000. Next, the confidence limits are found in the column farthest to the right: ± 800. From this it is possible to conclude that there is a 95% probability of the average unemployment in 2002 having ranged between 4,500 and 6,100. Should the size of a group be estimated as less than 1,000, the relative standard error, i.e. the ratio of the standard error to the estimated number, rises above 20%. The estimated numbers, proportions and averages for groups smaller than
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