Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Page 206

Vinnumarkaður - 15.12.2002, Page 206
204 Greinargerð um aðferðir og hugtök Endurnýjun iirtaksins. Fjórðungur úrtaksins er endur- nýjaður í hvert skipti sem könnun fer fram. Það hefur áhrif á aldursskiptingu úrtaksins. A hverju vori er t.d. engin eftir í úrtakinu í aldurshópnum 16 ára. Þeir sem áður voru 16 ára hafa nú elst um eitt ár. Endurnýjun úrtaksins veldur því að 16 ára aldurshópurinn er aðeins fjórðungur af því sem hann ætti að vera ef úrtakið væri allt valið í einu. Skekkjan er helmingi minni fyrir 17 ára aldurshópinn og hverfur frá og með 18. aldursári. Þetta getur leitt til ofmats á fjölda fólks á vinnumarkaði þar sem lítil atvinnuþátttaka tveggja yngstu aldurshópanna ætti að öllu jöfnu að hafa áhrif til lækkunar á mati á atvinnuþátttöku heildarinnar. Við þessu hefur verið brugðist með því að taka sérstakt tillit til 16 og 17 ára einstaklinga þegar úrtakið er vegið. Eins og getið var hér að framan var úrtökurammanum breytt í nóvember 1994 til að þessir tveir aldurshópar skili sér hlutfallslega rétt í úrtakið. 10.1.4 Hugtök Aldur. Miðað er við aldur sem svarendur hafa náð 15. dag könnunarmánaðar. I vorkönnunum 1993, 1995, 1998 og 2001 var þó miðað við 1. apríl hvert ár. Atvinnugrein. Atvinnustarfsemi þeirra fyrirtækja sem fólk starfar hjá eða starfaði síðast hjá er flokkuð í samræmi við Islenska atvinnugreinaflokkun, ÍSAT 95, sem byggð er á atvinnugreinaflokkun Evrópusambandsins, NACE (1. endursk.). Atvinnustarfsemi er flokkuð með fjögurra tölu- stafa atvinnugreinarnúmeri. Námugröftur er talinn með iðnaði. Heimilishald með launuðu starfsfólki og starfsemi alþjóðlegra stofnanaertalið með annarri samfélagsþjónustu, félagastarfsemi, menningarstarfsemi o.fl. Atvinnustétt. Fjórar atvinnustéttir eru skilgreindar í vinnu- markaðsrannsókn Hagstofunnar: Launþegar, einyrkjar, atvinnurekendur og ólaunað skyldulið. I þessari skýrslu er einyrkjum og atvinnurekendum slegið saman í einn hóp, sjálfstætt starfandi einstaklingum. Launþegar eru starfandi einstaklingar sem telj a sig launþega eða eru á undirverktaka- samningi með starfsskyldur launþega. Til launþega teljast einnig þeir sem eru atvinnulausir og eru að leita sér að vinnu sem launþegar og hafa ekki leitað eftir leyfum, fjárhags- aðstoð, lóð eða þ.h. í þeim tilgangi að hefja sjálfstæðan rekstur. I nóvember 1994 var orðlagi spurningar um atvinnustétt breytt til að tryggja að eingöngu ólaunaðir fjölskyldu- meðlimir flokkuðust sem “ólaunað skyldulið." Fram að því hafði borið á því að sjálfstætt starfandi einstaklingar með fjölskyldurekstur væru ranglega flokkaðir sem ólaunað skyldulið. Atvinnuþátttaka. í vinnumarkaðsrannsóknum Hagstof- unnar er fylgt skilgreiningum Alþjóðavinnumálastofnunar- innar (ILO) á grundvallarhugtökum um vinnumarkað en earn (PAYE) files of the Internal Revenue Directorate. For the period 1998-2002 the average for the months of April and November according to pay-as-you-eam data lay 0.4- 2.4% under the average annual number for those years (cf. Figure 10.2). Renewal of the sample. One-fourth of the sample is renewed each time the survey occurs, which affects the age composition of the sample. Each spring, for instance, there is no one left in the sample from the 16-year-old group; those who were 16 before have now become a year older. Renewing the sample results in the 16-year-old group being only a fourth of what it should be if the sample were all chosen at once. This error diminishes by half for the group of 17-year-olds and disappears by the age of 18. This can result in overestimating the total rate of participation in the labour market, as the low activity rate of the two youngest age groups should normally have a lowering effect on estimates of the overall activity rate. This has been dealt with by paying particular attention to 16 and 17-year-old individuals when weighting the sample. As mentioned above, the sampling frame was altered in November 1994 in order to ensure correctly proportional representation of these two age cohorts in the sample. 10.1.4. Concepts Age. The criterion is the age respondents have reached by the 15th day of the survey month, except in the spring surveys of 1993, 1995, 1998 and 2001, in each of which years the reference date was instead 1 April. Economic activity. The economic activity of the ftrms for which people work or were last working is classifted in accordance with the Icelandic classification of economic actívity, ISAT 95, which is built on the EU classification of economic activity, NACE (Rev. 1). Economic activity is classified through a four-digit economic activity code. Mining is included with industry, while housework performed by paid employees and the activitíes of intemational institutions are reported together with other social services, services by organisations, cultural activities, etc. Status in employment. Four status categories are defined for the LFS: employees, the self-employed, employers and unpaid family workers. In this report all self-employed persons are joined with employers in a single group: self- employed individuals. Employees are working individuals who identify themselves as employees or are under a “sub- contract” with the working obligations of employees. In addition, those unemployed persons who are seeking work as employees and have not looked for permits, ftnancial assistance, premises and so forth in order to set up their own business are accounted employees. In November 1994 the wording of the question on employment status was changed in order to ensure that only unpaid members of the family would be classified as “unpaid family workers”. Until then it happened that self-employed individuals with a family business were wrongly classified as unpaid family workers. Labour force participation. The LFS follows the ILO definitions of basic concepts about the labour market, since they are used intemationally. The main definitions are as below:
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