Læknablaðið - 01.10.2017, Síða 20

420 LÆKNAblaðið 2017/103
R A N N S Ó K N
Heimildir
1. Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Magnusdottir BT, Andersen
K, Sigurdsson G, Thorsson B, et al. Analysing the Large
Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in the
Icelandic Population Aged 25-74 between the Years 1981
and 2006. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e13957.
2. Thorolfsdottir RB, Aspelund T, Capewell S, Critchley J,
Gudnason V, Andersen K. Population assessment of fut-
ure trajectories in coronary heart disease mortality. PLoS
One. 2014;9(1):1–8.
3. Andersen K, Johannesdottir BK, Kristjansson JM,
Gudnason T. Decreasing case fatality in myocardial
infarction is explained by improved medical treatment.
Acta Cardiol. 2011;66(1):39–49.
4. Sigfusson N, Sigurdsson G, Agnarsson U, Gudmundsdottir
II, Stefansdottir I, Sigvaldason H, et al. Declining Coronary
Heart Disease Mortality in Iceland: Contribution by
Incidence, Recurrence and Case Fatality Rate. Scand
Cardiovasc J. 2002;36(6):337–41.
5. Sigfusson N, Sigurdsson G, Agnarsson U, Gudmundsdottir
II, Stefansdottir I, Sigvaldason H, et al. Breytingar
á tíðni kransæðasjúkdóma á Íslandi. Læknablaðið.
2001;87(11):889–96.
6. Andersen K, Gudnason V. Langvinnir sjúkdómar: heims-
faraldur 21. aldar. Læknablaðið. 2012;98(11):591–5.
7. Sigfusson N, Sigvaldason H, Steingrimsdottir L,
Gudmundsdottir II, Stefansdottir I, Thorsteinsson T, et al.
Decline in ischaemic heart disease in Iceland and change
in risk factor levels. BMJ. 1991;302(6789):1371-5.
8. Bjornsson G, Bjornsson OJ, Davidsson D, Kristjansson
BTh, Olafsson O, Sigfusson N, et al. Report abc XXIV.
Health survey in the Reykjavik area—women. Stages
I–III, 1968–1969, 1971–1972 and 1976–1978. Participants,
invitation, response etc. The Icelandic Heart Association,
Reykjavik, Iceland 1982.
9. Bjornsson OJ, Davidsson D, Olafsson H, Olafsson O,
Sigfusson N, Thorsteinsson Th. Report XVIII. Health
survey in the Reykjavik area—men. Stages I–III, 1967–
1968, 1970–1971 and 1974–1975. Participants, invitation,
response etc. The Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik,
Iceland 1979.
10. Harris T, Launer LJ, Eiriksdottir G, Kjartansson O,
Jonsson PV, Sigurdsson G, et al. Age, Gene/Environment
Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study: multidisciplinary applied
phenomics. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165(9):1076-87
11. Sturlaugsdottir R, Aspelund T, Bjornsdottir G, Sigurdsson
S, Thorsson B, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Prevalence and determ-
inants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-
Reykjavik study. BMJ open. 2016;6(11):e012457
12. Mogensen BA, Bjornsson HM, Thorgeirsson G,
Haraldsson GE, Mogensen B. Árangur endurlífgunartil-
rauna utan spítala á Reykjavíkursvæðinu árin 2004-2007.
Læknablaðið. 2015;101(3):137-41.
13. www.healthdata.org - júní 2017.
14. Ainsworth JD, Carruthers E, Couch P, Green N,
O’Flaherty M, Sperrin M, et al. IMPACT: A generic tool for
modelling and simulating public health policy. Methods
Inf Med. 2011;50(5):454–63.
15. Ford ES, Capewell S. Proportion of the Decline in
Cardiovascular Mortality Disease due to Prevention
Versus Treatment: Public Health Versus Clinical Care.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2011;32(1):5–22.
16. Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous
streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17187
cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2.
Lancet. 1988;2(8607):349–60.
17. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A,
Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors
associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries
(the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet.
2004;364(9438):937–52.
18. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study
Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and
morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarct-
ion with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet.
1993;342(8875):821–8.
19. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ,
Cuddy TE, et al. Effect of Captopril on Mortality and
Morbidity in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
after Myocardial Infarction. Results of the survival and
ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N
Engl J Med. 1992;327(10):669–77.
20. Navarese EP, Gurbel PA, Andreotti F, Tantry U, Jeong
Y-H, Kozinski M, et al. Optimal Timing of Coronary
Invasive Strategy in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute
Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-
analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(4):261–70.
21. The RISC Group. Risk of myocardial infarction and death
during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous
heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease.
Lancet. 1990;336(8719):827–30.
22. Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, Wedel H,
Waagstein F, Kjekshus J, et al. Effects of Controlled-
Release Metoprolol on Total Mortality, Hospitalizations,
and Well-being in Patients With Heart Failure: the
Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in
congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study
Group. JAMA. 2000;283(10):1295–302.
23. Bangalore S, Pursnani S, Kumar S, Bagos PG. Percutaneous
Coronary Intervention Versus Optimal Medical Therapy
for Prevention of Spontaneous Myocardial Infarction in
Subjects With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation.
2013;127(7):769–81.
24. Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P, Crowley K, Eagle KA,
Goto S, et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in
Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery
Disease. JAMA. 2012;308(13):1340–9.
25. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients
with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin
Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1383–9.
26. Wallentin LC. Aspirin (75 mg/day) after an episode of
unstable coronary artery disease: long-term effects on the
risk for myocardial infarction, occurrence of severe ang-
ina and the need for revascularization. Research Group
on Instability in Coronary Artery Disease in Southeast
Sweden. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18(7):1587–93.
27. Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Reiter R.
Cardioprotection and pharmacological therapies in acute
myocardial infarction: Challenges in the current era.
World J Cardiol. 2014;6(3):100–6.
28. Schelbert EB, Cao JJ, Sigurdsson S, Aspelund T, Kellman
P, Aletras AH, et al. Prevalence and Prognosis of
Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction Determined by
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Older Adults. JAMA.
2012;308(9):890–6.
29 Steingrimsdottir L, Valgeirsdottir H, Halldorsson T,
Gunnarsdottir I, Gisladottir E, et al. Kannanir á matar-
æði og næringargildi fæðunnar á Íslandi. Læknablaðið.
2014;100(12):659–64.
30. Nordic Council of Ministers. Nordic Nutrition
Recommendations 2012: Integrating nutrition and physical
activity. 5th ed. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012,
Denmark 2014.
31. Embætti Landlæknis. Ráðleggingar um mataræði fyrir
fullorðna og börn frá tveggja ára aldri. Embætti
Landlæknis, Reykjavik 2016.
32. Matthiessen J, Andersen L, Barbieri H, Borodulin K,
Knudsen V, Korup K, et al. The Nordic Monitoring System
2011–2014: Status and development of diet, physical acti-
vity, smoking, alcohol and overweight. Nordic Council of
Ministers, Denmark 2016.
33. Thorsson B, Steingrimsdottir L, Halldorsdottir S,
Andersen K, Sigurdsson G, Aspelund T, et al. Changes in
total cholesterol levels in Western societies are not related
to statin, but rather dietary factors: the example of the
Icelandic population. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(24):1778–82.
34. Jonsdottir L, Jensson V. Þróun tóbaksneyslu á Íslandi.
Embætti landlæknis, Reykjavik 2016.
35. Sigfusson N, Sigurdsson G, Sigvaldason H, Gudnason V.
Breytingar á reykingavenjum miðaldra og eldri Íslendinga
síðastliðin þrjátíu ár og ástæður þeirra. Niðurstöður
úr hóprannsóknum Hjartaverndar. Læknablaðið.
2003;89(6):489–98.
36. Sigfusson N, Sigurdsson G, Aspelund T, Gudnason V.
Skaðleg áhrif reykinga á heilsufar hafa verið verulega van-
metin - Niðurstöður úr hóprannsóknum Hjartaverndar.
Læknablaðið. 2006;92(4):263–9.
37. Farber H, Walley S, Groner J, Nelson K. Clinical Practice
Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and
Tobacco Smoke. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):1008–17.
38. Dinakar C, O’Connor GT. The Health Effects of Electronic
Cigarettes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(14):1372–81.
39. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Yach D, Mackay J, Reddy KS. A
tobacco-free world: a call to action to phase out the sale of
tobacco products by 2040. Lancet. 2015;385(9972):1011–8.
40. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H, Cushman W, Green L,
Izzo JLJ, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National
Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Pressure.The JNC 7 Report.
JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560-72.
41. Mozaffarian D, Fahimi S, Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh
S, Engell RE, et al. Global Sodium Consumption and
Death from Cardiovascular Causes. N Engl J Med.
2014;371(7):624–34.
42. Powles J, Fahimi S, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P, Ezzati
M, et al. Global, regional and national sodium intakes in
1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodi-
um excretion and dietary surveys worldwide. BMJ Open.
2013;3(12):e003733.
43. Gudnason V, Sigfusson N, Sigurdsson G. Læknablaðið
100 ára. Rannsóknarstöð Hjartaverndar, fortíð og nútíð.
Læknablaðið. 2014;100(9):456–64.
44. Kotseva K, De Bacquer D, De Backer G, Ryden L, Jennings
C, Gyberg V, et al. Lifestyle and risk factor management
in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease. A report
from the European Society of Cardiology European Action
on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention
to Reduce Events (EUROASPIRE) IV cross-sectional
survey in 14 European regions. Eur J Prev Cardiol.
2016;23(18):2007–18.
45. Masters R, Anwar E, Collins B, Cookson R, Capewell
S. Return on investment of public health interventions:
a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health.
2017;jech-2016.
46. OECD/EU. Health at a Glance: Europe 2016-State of
Health in EU Cycle. OECD Publishing, Paris 2016.
47. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes
Mellitus, Fasting Glucose, and Risk of Cause-Specific
Death. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(9):829–41.
48. Thrainsdottir IS, Aspelund T, Gudnason V, Malmberg
K, Sigurdsson G, Thorgeirsson G, et al. Increasing
glucose levels and BMI predict future heart failure.
Experience from the Reykjavik Study. Eur J Heart Fail.
2007;9(10):1051–7.
49. Olafsdottir E, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson G, Thorsson B,
Eiriksdottir G, Harris TB, et al. Effects of statin medication
on mortality risk associated with type 2 diabetes in older
persons: the population-based AGES-Reykjavik Study.
BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000132–e000132.
50. Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W,
Mohan V, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate
intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18
countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective
cohort study. The Lancet. 2017 Aug 29,
51. Andersen K, Gudnason V. Stefnumörkun í heilbrigðismál-
um: leiðin til lýðheilsu. Læknablaðið. 2013;99(3):129–34.
52. Danielsen R, Thorgeirsson G, Einarsson H, Olafsson O,
Aspelund T, Harris TB, et al. Prevalence of heart failure
in the elderly and future projections: the AGES-Reykjavik
study. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2017;51(4):183–9.
53. Sturlaugsdottir R, Aspelund T, Bjornsdottir G, Sigurdsson
S, Thorsson B, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Prevalence and determ-
inants of carotid plaque in the cross-sectional REFINE-
Reykjavik study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e012457.
54. Rasmussen LB, Andersen LF, Borodulin K, Barbieri HE,
Fagt S, Matthiessen J, et al. Nordic monitoring of diet,
physical activity and overweight. Nordic Council of
Ministers, Denmark 2012.
55. Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J
Epidemiol. 2001;30(3):427-32.
Pakkningar:
Lyfjaform og styrkur, pakkningastærð
Forðatöflur 4 mg 28 stk
Forðatöflur 4 mg 84 stk
Forðatöflur 8 mg 28 stk
Forðatöflur 8 mg 84 stk

fesoterodin fumarat
Með Toviaz® 4 mg og Toviaz® 8 mg borið saman við lyfleysu í viku 12 ** Með Toviaz® 8 mg borið saman við lyfleysu og tolterodin ER 4 mg í viku 12 *** Færri salernisferðir með Toviaz® 8 mg en með lyfleysu **** Meðferð með Toviaz® 8 mg
dró marktækt úr fjölda tilvika bráðaþvagleka í viku 12 borið saman við tolterodin ER 4mg (p= 0,017) og lyfleysu (p<0,001) 1. Toviaz SmPC 3. ágúst 2016 2. Chapple C. et al. BJU Int. 2014;114:418-26. 3. Kaplan S.A. et al. BJU Int. 2010;107:
1432-1440. 4. Chapple C. et al. Eur Urol. 2007;52(4):1204-12. 5. Herschorn S. et al. BJU Int. 2010;105(1):58-66.
Þegar manni er mál, þá er manni mál!
Fleiri sjúklingar
haldast „þurrir“ 5****
2
af hverjum
3
Minnkuð tíðni
bráðaþvagleka2*
-80%
Minnkuð
tíðni bráðrar
þvaglátaþarfar3**
-45.5%
-18.6%
Toviaz ® (fesoterodine) Meðferð við einkennum
[aukinni tíðni þvagláta og/eða bráðri þvaglátaþörf
og/eða bráðaþvagleka] sem geta komið fram hjá
fullorðnum sjúklingum með ofvirka þvagblöðru.
P
P
1
7
0
5
0
1
Minnkuð
tíðni þvagláta4***
Skyndileg bráð þvaglátaþörf og bráðaþvagleki eru algengustu einkenni ofvirkrar þvagblöðru.
Með Toviaz® 4 og 8mg er hægt að draga marktækt úr einkennum, borið saman við lyfleysu.2,3
Verð er hægt að sjá á www.lgn.is
Greiðsluþátttaka: Já.
Stjörnumerktur texti (*) er umskrifaður og/eða styttur úr upplýsingum um lyfið, sem samþykktar voru af EMA 3. ágúst 2016. Upplýsingar um lyfið er að finna á www.serlyfjaskra.is, auk þess sem hægt er að fá hann hjá
umboðsaðila Pfizer, Icepharma hf
Icepharma . Lyngháls 13 . 110 Reykjavík . S: 540-8000 . www.icepharma.is
Stytt samantekt á eiginleikum lyfs fyrir Toviaz® (fesoterodine)
TOVIAZ 4 mg og 8 mg forðatöflur. Innihaldslýsing: Hver forðatafla inniheldur fesóteródín fumarat 4 mg, sem samsvarar 3,1 mg af fesóteródíni, eða fesóteródín fumarat
8 mg, sem samsvarar 6,2 mg af fesóteródíni. Ábendingar: TOVIAZ er ætlað til meðferðar hjá fullorðnum á einkennum (aukin tíðni þvagláta og/eða bráð þörf fyrir þvaglát
og/eða bráðaþvagleki) sem fram geta komið hjá sjúklingum með ofvirka þvagblöðru (overactive bladder syndrome). Frábendingar: Ofnæmi fyrir virka efninu eða fyrir
jarðhnetum eða soja eða einhverju hjálparefnanna. Þvagteppa. Magateppa. Ómeðhöndluð (uncontrolled) þrönghornsgláka. Vöðvaslensfár. Alvarlega skert lifrarstarfsemi
(Child Pugh flokkur C). Samhliðanotkun öflugra CYP3A4 hemla hjá sjúklingum með meðal til alvarlega skerðingu á nýrna- eða lifrarstarfsemi. Alvarleg sáraristilbólga.
Eitrunarrisaristill (toxic megacolon). Upplýsingar um aukaverkanir, milliverkanir, varnaðarorð og önnur mikilvæg atriði má nálgast í sérlyfjaskrá - www.serlyfjaskra.is.
Dags. síðustu samþykktar SmPC sem þessi stytti texti byggir á: 3. ágúst 2016. Markaðsleyfishafi: Pfizer Limited. Fyrir frekari upplýsingar um lyfið má hafa samband
við Icepharma hf. Lynghálsi 13, s. 540 8000.
Dregur úr einkennum ofvirkrar þvagblöðru
1
1