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Læknablaðið - Dec 2018, Page 16

Læknablaðið - Dec 2018, Page 16
548 LÆKNAblaðið 2018/104 Y F I R L I T S G R E I N 1. Galambos JT, Hersh T, Schroder S, Wenger J. Loperamide: A New Antidiarrheal Agent in the Treatment of Chronic Diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1976; 70: 1026-9. 2. Read M, Read NW, Barber DC, Duthie HL. Effects of loperamide on anal sphincter function in patients compla- ining of chronic diarrhea with fecal incontinence and urgency. Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27: 807-14. 3. Baker DE. Loperamide: a pharmacological review. Rev Gastroenterol Dis 2007; 7: S11-S18. 4. Jaffe JH, Kanzler M, Green J. Abuse potential of loper- amide. Clin Pharmacol Therap 1980; 28: 812-9. 5. Lists of: Scheduling Actions, Controlled Substances, Regulated Chemicals. U.S. Department of Justice, DEA, Diversion Control Division. deadiversion.usdoj.gov/ schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf - mars 2018. 6. World Health Organization: List of Essential Medicines. who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia - sótt í janúar 2018. 7. Hurtado-Torres G.F, Sandoval-Munro RL. An Additional Clinical Scenario of Risk for Loperamide Cardiac-Induced Toxicity. Am J Med 2016; 129: e33. 8. US Food & Drug Administration: FDA warns about serious heart problems with high doses of the antidiarr- heal medicine loperamide (Imodium), including from abuse and misuse. (2016). fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ ucm504617.htm - janúar 2018. 9. Swank KA, Wu E, Kortepeter C, McAninch J, Levin RL. Adverse event detection using the FDA post-marketing drug safety surveillance system: Cardiotoxicity associated with loperamide abuse and misuse. J Am Pharmac Ass 2017; 57: S63-S67. 10. Lyfjaupplýsingar - Sérlyfjaskrá. serlyfjaskra.is/FileRepos/ a300dedf-b189-e711-80d5-ce1550b700f3/Imodium-SmPC. pdf – janúar 2018. 11. Niemi M, Tornio A, Pasanen MK, Fredrikson H, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Itraconazole, gemfibrozil and their combination markedly raise the plasma concentrations of loperamide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62: 463-72. 12. Ericsson CD, Johnson PC. Safety and efficacy of loper- amide. Am J Med 1990; 88: 10S-14S. 13. Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Loperamide: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in diarrhoea. Drugs 1978; 15: 33-52. 14. Montesinos RN, Moulari B, Gromand J, Beduneau A, Lamprecht A, Pellequer Y. Coadministration of p-glycoprotein modulators on loperamide pharmaco- kinetics and brain distribution. Drug Metabol Disp 2014; 42: 700-6. 15. Bishop-Freeman SC, Feaster MS, Beal J, Miller A, Hargrove RL, Brower JO, et al. Loperamide-related deaths in North Carolina. J Analyt Toxicol 2016; 40: 677-86. 16. Schinkel A.H. P-Glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood- brain barrier. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 1999; 36: 179-94. 17. Sartor LL, Bentjen SA, Trepanier L, Mealey KL. Loperamide toxicity in a collie with the MDR1 mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity. J Veter Int Med 2004; 18: 117-8. 18. Schinkel AH, Wagenaar E, Mol CA, van Deemter L. P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influ- ences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs. J Clin Investig 1996; 97: 2517-24. 19. Yanagita T, Miyasato K, Sato J. Dependence potential of loperamide studied in rhesus monkeys. NIDA Res Monograph 1979; 27: 106-13. 20. Tan-No K, Niijima F, Nakagawasai O, Sato T, Satoh S, Tadano T. Development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of loperamide on gastrointestinal transit in mice. European J Pharmaceut Sci 2003; 20: 357-63. 21. Korey A, Zilm DH, Sellers E.M. Dependence liability of two antidiarrheals, nufenoxole and loperamide. Clin Pharmacol Therapeut 1980; 27: 659-64. 22. Daniulaityte R, Carlson R, Falck R, Cameron D, Perera S, Chen L, et al. ‘I just wanted to tell you that loperamide WILL WORK’ : A web-based study of extra-medical use of loperamide. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 130: 241-4. 23. Marraffa JM, Holland MG, Sullivan RW, Morgan BW, Oakes JA, Wiegand TJ, et al. Cardiac conduction distur- bance after loperamide abuse. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 952-7. 24. Wightman RS, Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Rice B, Biary R, Lugassy D. Not your regular high cardiac dysrhythmias caused by loperamide. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 454-8. 25. Mancano MA. High-Dose Loperamide Abuse Inducing Life-Threatening Cardiac Arrhythmias; Topiramate- Induced Diarrhea in a Breastfed Infant; Danazol- Induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome; Asenapine-Induced Myasthenic Syndrome; Black Hairy Tongue Due to Linezolid; Adalimumab-I. Hospital Pharmacy 2015; 50: 351-5. 26. Enakpene EO, Riaz I.B, Shirazi FM, Raz Y, Indik JH. The long QT teaser: Loperamide abuse. Am J Med 2015; 128: 1083-6. 27. Marzec L.N, Katz DF, Peterson PN. Torsade de Pointes Associated with High-dose Loperamide Ingestion. J Innov Cardiac Rhythm Manage 2015; 6: 1897-9. 28. Vithalani ND, Heron C, Rao RE, Cardell AF, Stephens MB. Dysrhythmias with Loperamide Used for Opioid Withdrawal. J Am Board Fam Med 2017; 30: 832-4. 29. Larsen TR, McMunn J, Ahmad H, AlMahameed ST. Ventricular Tachycardia Triggered by Loperamide and Famotidine Abuse. Drug Safety - Case Rep 2018; 5: 11. 30. Sun C, Brice JA, Clark RF. Brugada-Type Pattern on Electrocardiogram Associated with High-Dose Loperamide Abuse. J Emerg Med 2018; 54: 484-6. 31. Rasla S, St Amand A, Garas MK, El Meligy A, Minami T. Unexpected Serious Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Setting of Loperamide Abuse. Rhode Island Med J 2017; 100: 33-6. 32. Spinner HL, Lonardo NW, Mulamalla R, Stehlik J. Ventricular tachycardia associated with high-dose chronic loperamide use. Pharmacothera 2015; 35: 234-8. 33. Eggleston W, Clark KH, Marraffa JM. Loperamide Abuse Associated With Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Death. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 69: 83-6. 34. Upadhyay A, Bodar V, Malekzadegan M, Singh S, Frumkin W, Mangla A, et al. Loperamide Induced Life Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmia. Case Rep Cardiol 2016; 2016: 1-3. 35. MacDonald R, Heiner J, Villarreal J, Strote J. Loperamide dependence and abuse. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015: 2-4. 36. Smith N.A, Sehring M, Chambers J. Loperamide abuse and cardiotoxicity. J Comm Hosp Int Med Perspect 2017; 7: 275. 37. Leo RJ, Ghazi MA, Jaziri KS. Methadone Management of Withdrawal Associated with Loperamide-related Opioid Use Disorder. J Add Med 2017; 11: 402-4. 38. Di Rosa E, Di Rosa AE. Loperamide overdose-induced catatonia: potential role of brain opioid system and P-glycoprotein. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26: 58-60. 39. Mittal A, Sangani R, Cerone M, Stansbury R. Seizur-Like Activity and Recurrent Cardiac Arrests in a Healthy 24-Year-Old: Loperamide Abuse; a Case Report and Literature Review. Chest 2017; 152: A386. 40. Napier C, Gan EH, Pearce SHS. Loperamide-induced hypopituitarism. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016: 1-3. 41. Patel KM, Shah S, Subedi D. Takotsubo-Like Cardiomyopathy After Loperamide Overdose. Am J Therapeut 2017; 3: 1-3. 42. Vaughn P, Solik M, Bagga S, Padanilam BJ. Electro- cardio graphic Abnormalities, Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Cardiomyopathy Associated With Loperamide Abuse. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 27: 1230-3. 43. Zarghami M, Rezapour M. Loperamide Dependency : A Case Report. Add Health 2017; 9: 59-63. 44. Dierksen J, Gonsoulin M, Walterscheid JP. Poor Manʼs Methadone. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2015; 36: 268-70. 45. Caro MA, Shah SA, Jerry JM, Tesar GE, Khawam EA. Loperamide Abuse and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias: A Case Report and Literature Review. Psychosom 2017; 58: 441-5. 46. Riaz IB, Khan MS, Kamal MU, Sipra QR, Riaz A, Zahid U, et al. Cardiac Dysrhythmias Associated With Substitutive Use of Loperamide: A Systematic Review. Am J Therapeut 2017; 13: 1-13. 47. Hill MA, Greason FC. Loperamide dependence. J Clin Psychiatr 1992; 53: 450. 48. Borron SW, Watts S.H, Tull J, Baeza S, Diebold S, Barrow A, et al. Intentional Misuse and Abuse of Loperamide: A New Look at a Drug with ‘Low Abuse Potential’. J Emerg Med 2017; 53: 73-84. 49. Jóhannsson M, Aradóttir AB, Guðmundsson LS, Einarsson ÓB. Frá Embætti landlæknis 14. pistill. Ávísanir á ópíóíða og alvarleg fíkn. Læknablaðið 2016; 102: 362. 50. Leiðbeiningar um góða starfshætti lækna við ávísun lyfja. landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/greinar/grein/item31883/ leidbeiningar-um-goda-starfshaetti-laekna-vid-avisun- lyfja – mars 2018. 51. Takmörkun á ávísun nokkurra eftirritunarskyldra lyfja. lyfjastofnun.is/utgefid-efni/frettir/takmorkun-a-avisun- -nokkurra-eftirritunarskyldra-lyfja – mars 2018. 52. Helstu breytingar í ávísunum ávanabindandi lyfja frá 2016 til 2017 á Íslandi. landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/frettir/frett/ item33942/helstu-breytingar-i-avisunum-avanabindandi- -lyfja- fra-2016-til-2017-a-islandi – mars 2018. 53. Ópíóíðafíklum fjölgað um 68% mbl.is/frettir/inn- lent/2018/04/19/opioidafiklum_fjolgad_um_68_prosent/ – apríl 2018. 54. Going Through Loperamide Withdrawal - Tips on Surviving the Addiction. madmargaret.wordpress. com/2014/01/15/going-through-loperamide-withdrawal- tips-on-surviving-the- addiction/ – mars 2018. 55. Liebschutz JM, Crooks D, Herman D, Anderson B, Tsui J, Meshesha LZ, et al. Buprenorphine Treatment for Hospitalized, Opioid-Dependent Patients. JAMA Int Med 2014; 174: 1369. 56. Kleber HD. Pharmacologic treatments for opioid dependence: detoxification and maintenance options. Dialog Clin Neurosci 2007; 9: 455-70. 57. Fareed A, Patil D, Scheinberg K, Blackinton GR, Vayalapalli S, Casarella J, et al. Comparison of QTc Interval Prolongation for Patients in Methadone Versus Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment: A 5-Year Follow- Up. J Add Dis 2013; 32: 244-51. 58. Egglestone W, Nacca N, Marraffa JM. Buprenorphine Induced Acute Precipitated Withdrawal in the Setting of Loperamide Abuse. Conference: Clin Toxicol 2015; 53. 59. ÁÁ - Ársskýrsla 2016. saa.is/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ Ársrit_skýrsla_18022017_an_crop.pdf –apríl 2018. 60. Rúnarsdóttir V. Upplýsingar gefnar höfundum í tölvu- pósti, mars 2018. Heimildalistinn er birtur í heild sinni á netinu. Heimildir Barst til blaðsins 9. september 2018, samþykkt til birtingar 12. nóvember 2018. Frá fyrsta bita* hraðvirkt aspartinsúlín Vistor hf. – umboðsaðili á Íslandi Hörgatúni 2 · 210 Garðabæ novo@vistor.is ( 535 7000 Pantone litir: Hjarta: Rautt: 200C Letur: Grátt: 424C CMYK litir: Hjarta: Cyan: 10, Magenta: 100, Yellow: 100, Svart: 20 Letur: Cyan: 10, Magenta: 10, Yellow: 10, Svart: 60 Hraðari insúlínsvörun við máltíðir Fiasp® Samanborið við NovoRapid®1 Kostir Fiasp fyrir fullorðna sjúklinga með sykursýki: Vel þekkt Hraðvirkari formúla NovoRapid, þegar skipt er um meðferð má reikna með 1:1 einingu1,4 Sveigjanleiki Möguleiki á sveigjanleika með tilliti til tímasetningar lyfjagjafar þegar þörf krefur1,3‡§ Staðfest verkun Lækkar HbA1c og blóðsykur eftir máltíð án aukinnar tíðni blóðsykursfalla samanborið við NovoRapid1,3 Fljótvirkara Berst tvisvar sinnum hraðar í blóðrásina samanborið við NovoRapid1,2† * Gefið undir húð rétt áður en máltíð hefst (0–2 mínútum fyrir).1 † Staðfest á sjúklingum með sykursýki af tegund 1 samanborið við NovoRapid. ‡ Fiasp má gefa 2 mínútum fyrir máltíð og allt að 20 mínútum eftir að máltíð hefst. § Samanborið við NovoRapid gefið við máltíð. Grundvallað á upplýsingum úr Onset® 1, rannsókn á fullorðnum sjúklingum með sykursýki af tegund 1.3 Heimildir: 1. Samantekt á eiginleikum lyfs fyrir Fiasp, www.serlyfjaskra.is. 2. Heise T, Pieber TR, Danne T, Erichsen L, Haahr H. A pooled analysis of clinical pharmacology trials investigating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of fast-acting insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes. Clin Pharmaco. doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0514-8. 3. Russell-Jones D, Bode BW, De Block C, et al. Fast-acting insulin aspart improves glycemic control in basal–bolus treatment for type 1 diabetes: results of a 26-week multicenter, active controlled, treat-to-target, randomized, parallel-group trial (onset 1). Diabetes Care. doi:10.2337/dc16-1771.t, randomized, parallel-group trial (onset 1). Diabetes Care. doi:10.2337/dc16-1771. 4. Meah F, Juneja R. Insulin tactics in type 2 diabetes. Med Clin N Am. 2015;99:157-186. Fiasp 100 einingar/ml stungulyf, lausn í rörlykju Heiti virkra efna: Ein rörlykja inniheldur 300 einingar aspartinsúlín í 3 ml af lausn. 1 ml af lausn inniheldur 100 einingar aspartinsúlín (jafngildir 3,5 mg). Ábendingar: Meðferð við sykursýki hjá fullorðnum. Frábendingar: Ofnæmi fyrir virka efninu eða einhverju hjálparefnanna. Markaðsleyfishafi: Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Danmörk. Nálgast má upplýsingar um lyfið, fylgiseðil þess og gildandi samantekt á eiginleikum lyfs á vef Lyfjastofnunar, www.serlyfjaskra.is. Fiasp 100 einingar/ml stungulyf, lausn í áfylltum lyfjapenna Heiti virkra efna: Einn áfylltur lyfjapenni inniheldur 300 einingar aspartinsúlín í 3 ml lausn. 1 ml af lausn inniheldur 100 einingar aspartinsúlín (jafngildir 3,5 mg). Ábendingar: Meðferð við sykursýki hjá fullorðnum. Frábendingar: Ofnæmi fyrir virka efninu eða einhverju hjálpar- efnanna. Markaðsleyfishafi: Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Allé, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Danmörk. Nálgast má upplýsingar um lyfið, fylgiseðil þess og gildandi samantekt á eiginleikum lyfs á vef Lyfjastofnunar, www.serlyfjaskra.is. Fi as p® o g N ov oR ap id ® e ru s kr ás et t vö ru m er ki í ei gu N ov o N or di sk A /S · I S/ D K /F A /1 21 7/ 03 24 · 1 6. o kt ób er 2 01 8

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