Læknablaðið - 01.03.2022, Síða 17

L ÆKNABL AÐIÐ 2022/108 129
R A N N S Ó K N
Heimildir
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E N G L I S H S U M M A R Y
Þórbergur Atli Þórsson1
Ragnar Bjarnason1,2
Soffía Guðrún Jónasdóttir3
Berglind Jónsdóttir2
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University
of Iceland, Reykjavík, 2Childrens Hospital Hringurinn, National
University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, 3Domus Medica,
Reykjavík.
Correspondence: Berglind Jónsdóttir, bergljon@landspitali.is
Key words: Graves‘ disease‘, pediatric, treatment, Iceland.
Graves‘ disease in children and adolescents in Iceland
INTRODUCTION: Graves‘ disease is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies cause an
increase in the production of thyroid hormones, and is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis
in children. Symptoms in children are often more obscure than in adults. The aim of the study is to
assess the incidence of Graves’ disease in children and adolescents in Iceland over the span of two
decades (2001-2021), and furthermore to investigate if the incidence rate has increased, as well as
to describe treatment options and disease recurrence.
MATERIAL/METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study included all children diagnosed with
Graves‘ disease in the years 2001-2021 in Iceland. Information was obtained from the Directorate
of Health‘s drug database and from ICD-10 diagnoses at Landspítali – The National University
Hospital.
RESULTS: In total, 57 children and adolescents were diagnosed with Graves’, the overall incidence
rate was 3.5/100,000 person-years. Gender ratio was 1:2.7 (male : female) and the mean age at
diagnosis was 13.6 for boys and 13.9 years for girls. Of those 12 individuals currently receiving
drug therapy (21.8%), four patients have had disease relapse. Thirteen patients reached an
euthyroid state with medication (23.7%), 25 received treatment with radioactive iodine (45.5%) and
5 underwent surgery (9.1%). Boys were more likely to relapse. Disease recurrence was 31.8%.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of Graves‘ disease did not increase during the study period. The
disease was more common in girls, although the gender ratio was lower than expected. Antithyroid
drugs were the first choice in treatment and radioactive iodine was the most common permanent
treatment option. Disease recurrence was common. A possible relationship between the duration
of the original drug therapy and disease recurrence should be investigated.
doi 10.17992/lbl.2022.03.680