Fróðskaparrit - 01.07.2004, Page 139

Fróðskaparrit - 01.07.2004, Page 139
NÝTTINNAN VÍSINDI 2004 137 darlag fyri (baseline) framtíðar kanningum av vakstrarbroytingum. Vøksturin varð kannaður frá fjallatoppi og niður í 150 m hædd. Trý vakstrabelti verða lýst; niðasta beltið er sermerkt av lyngvøkstri, ið røkkur upp í 200 m hædd, síðan er lágfjallabeltið omanfyri, har lyn- gvøksturin hvørvur, og á 400 m hædd byr- jar háfjallabeltið, ið er sermerkt av ark- tiskum gróðri. Samanborið við kanningar, sum eru gjørdar um miðjuna av seinastu øld, vísir henda kanning, at vakstrarbeltini eru lægri nú. Um hesin munur verður borin saman við hitamunin í Føroyum millum báðar kanningarnar, sæst, at tað er kólnað o.u. 0.25°C í Føroyum í ársmiðal tey seinastu 50 árini. Við hesari køling skuldi verið møguligt hjá vakstrabeltunum at flutt seg o.u. 30 m. Kanningamar benda sostatt á, at tað niðasta vakstrabeltið við sjóvarmálan er vorðið minni, men háfjallavakstrarbeltið er vorðið størri. Fyri at meta um avleiðingar av framtíðar veðurlagsbroytingum á fjallavøksturin í Føroyum eru kanningar gjørdar av útvald- um plantusløgum, ið eru sermerkt fyri tey trý vakstrarbeltini, í mun til hvønn sum- mar- og vetrarhita tey klára seg best í, og hvussu nógv skal til, áðrenn tey verða hótt. Meðan heimurin sum heild óivað hitnar ta komandi øldina, er tað ivingarsamt, á hvønn hátt hendan alheimsupphitingin fer at ávirka Føroyar. Norðuratlansrákið kann vikna, og tað kann hava við sær, at tað verður kaldari í Føroyum. Orsakað av óvissum spádómum um veð- urlagsbroytingar eru tvær framtíðarímynd- ir settar upp: The vegetation was sampled from the mountain top down to 150 m a.s.l. Three signifícantly different altitudinal vegeta- tion zones were determined. A temperate zone (upper limit at 200 m a.s.l.), charac- terized by Calluna heath vegetation. Above it, there is a low alpine zone (200-400 m a.s.l.) with the lower limit set where the Calluna heaths disappear, but species like Vaccinium myrtillus and Empetrum nigrum are still frequent. The upper limit of the low alpine zone is set where Vaccinium myr- tillus disappears. The uppermost zone is the alpine zone (above 400 m a.s.l), charac- terized by arctic species. Compared to studies from the middle of the 20th century, this study shows that the boundary between the low alpine and the alpine zone is found at a lower altitude now. Comparing these changes to the tem- perature difference in the Faroe Islands be- tween these two studies, the temperature is found to be 0.25 °C colder now than fifty years ago. With a lapse rate of 0.8°C, a cooling of 0.25°C should lead to a lowering of the alpine zone around 30 m. This could indicate that a lowering in the alpine zone has occurred within the last fifty years as a result of cooling. To identify the effect of future climate change on mountain vegetation in the Faroe Islands, the tolerances to changes in winter and summer temperature were test- ed on selected plant species representative of the main vegetation types in the Faroe Islands. While the globe as a whole most likely will become warmer in the next hundred years, it is unclear how this global warming
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