Jökull


Jökull - 01.12.1967, Side 76

Jökull - 01.12.1967, Side 76
GONCLUSIONS In the well in Vestmann Islands there are two aquifers whicli have different pressure, 8- value and calcium content. Ground-water flowing from the mainland has flushed out the original interstitial sea-water. The sediments act as a semipermeable filter, which allows the water to pass through but keeps the salts behincl. Ground-water rnixed with sea-water always has a certain type of chemical evolution. This evolution is well illustratecl in the three com- ponent system Na, Mg and Ca. The most typical change in this system is the increase in calcium while magnesium and sodium de- creases. The magnesium can practically dis- appear from the water. This evolution depends on the age of the water, temperature, the type of rocks which the water has reactecl with, and the original concentrations of dissolvecl solids in the water. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks are expressed to Mr. Bragi Arnason, Science Institute, University of Iceland, for making available his deuterium measurements. REFERENCES Arnason, B. and Th. Sigurgeirsson. 1967: Hy- drogen isotopes in hydrological studies in Icelancl. In: Isotopes in Hydrology, 35— 47. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Ellis, A. J. and W. A ./. Mahon. 1964, 1967: Natural hydrothermal systems and experi- mental hot water/rock interactions. Part I and Part II. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 28, 1323-1357 and 31, 519-538. Ernery, K. O. and S. C. Rettenberg. 1952: Early diagenesis of California basin sediments in relation to origin of oil. Am. Assoc. Petr- oleurn Geologists Bull. 36, 735—806. Clayton, R. N., I. Friedman, D. L. Graf, T. K. Mayeda, W. F. Meents and N. F. Shipp. 1966: The origin of saline formation wat- ers, 1, Isotopic composition. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 3869-3882. Graf, D. L., I. Friedman and W. F. Meents. 1965: The origin of saline formation wat- ers, 2, Isotopic fraction by shale micropore systems. Illinois State Geol. Surv. Circ. 393. Graf, D. L., W. F. Meents, I. Friedman and N. F. Shipp. 1966: The origin of saline formation waters, 3, Calcium chloride wat- ers. Illinois State Geol. Surv. Circ. 397. K. Rankama and T. G. Sahama. 1950: Geo- chemistry, p. 287 and 290. Chicago Univ. Chicago Press, 912 pp. Siever, R., K. C. Beck and R. A. Berner. 1965: Composition of interstitial water of modern sediments. J. Geology 73, 39—73. Siever, R. 1962: Silica solubility 0—200° C and the diagenesis of siliceous sediments. J. Geology 70, 127—150. White, D. E. 1965: Saline waters of sediment- ary rocks. Fluids in subsurface environ- ments. A symposium memoir no. 4. Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists. Á G R I P UPPRUNI VATNS í SETLÖGUM UNDIR VESTMANNAEYJUM Árið 1964 var boruð 1565 m djúp hola í Vestmannaeyjum í því skyni að l'á neyzluvatn íyrir Vestmannaeyinga. Jarðlög þau, sem bor- að var gegnum, eru í stórum dráttum þessi: Efst er Vestmannaeyjamyndun, sem nær í 180 m dýpi. Þar fyrir neðan eru að mestu set niður í 820 m dýpi, en siðan að mestu basaltlög (sjá jarðlagasnið holunnar á mynd 1). Með dælingu fékkst nokkurt vatnsmagn úr holunni, en selta vatnsins var um helmingur af seltu sjávar. Hlutfall vetnisísótópa í vatninu (8-gildi) var svipað og í úrkomu í fjallshlíðum upp af Suð- urlandsundirlendi. Dælt hefur verið þrisvar sinnum úr holunni, fyrst meðan á borun stóð, en tvisvar eftir að henni var lokið. Á myndum 2—4 er skráð, hvernig rennsli, hiti og vatnsborð breyttust með tíma. I seinustu dælingu var vatnsborð ekki skráð reglulega, en vitað er, að í lok dæl- ingarinnar var vatnsborðið á 88 metra dýpi. í þessari dælingu var klórmagn vatnsins greint reglulega, og eru niðurstöður færðar inn á mynd 4. Holan sker tvær vatnsæðar, sem hafa mis- 310 JÖKULL 17. ÁR
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