Tölvumál - 01.07.2007, Blaðsíða 18

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Hér ætla ég ekki að finna lausn á þessu vanda heldur setja fókusinn á
kennslu nýnema í tölvunarfræði við Háskólann í Reykjavík (HR). Það er trú
kennara við skólann að mjög mikilvægt sé hvernig tekið er á móti nýnemum
og hvernig þeim er kynnt undirstaðan í faginu sem þeir hafa valið sér. Forritun
er ein af undirstöðunámsgreinum tölvunarfræðinnar og venjulega fjallar eitt
af byrjunarnámskeiðunum um forritun. Að læra forritun virðist vera erfitt fyrir
marga nemendur og kennarar eru sífellt að leita leiða til að gera námið
áhugaverðara.
Í Codewitz verkefninu, evrópsku verkefni sem kennarar við HR tóku þátt í (sjá
www.codewitz.net), var eitt að markmiðunum að kanna hvað nemendum þætti
erfitt við nám í forritun. Gerð var könnun meðal nemenda í fimm háskólum í
Evrópu og ein af niðurstöðunum var sú að nemendur reyndust ekki sammála
um hvað væri erfitt að læra, álíka margir nemendur töldu sömu atriðin bæði
erfið og auðveld. Fram kom að um þriðjungur nemenda taldi sig læra forritun
best í fyrirlestrum og flestir töldu að best væri að læra með því að vinna sjálf
að forritunarverkefnum, með því taka þátt í verkefnatímum (dæmatímum)
undir leiðsögn kennara og með því að vinna með námsefnið.
Upptökur af fyrirlestrum
Oft er skipulag kennslu í háskólum frekar hefðbundið þar sem í hverju
námskeiði eru 2-5 fyrirlestrar og 2-3 verkefnatímar sem oft eru kallaðir
Hvernig á að kenna
dæma- eða umræðutímar. Í tengslum við fjarnám í tölvunarfræði við HR hafa
fyrirlestrar verið teknir upp síðan 1998. Í fyrstu höfðu eingöngu fjarnemar
aðgang að þessum upptökum en frá 2001 hafa allir nemendur haft aðgang að
þeim. Til að taka upp fyrirlestra er notast við þráðlausa hljóðnema og forritið
Camtasia (sjá http://www.techsmith.com) ásamt skrifanlegum skjá. Tekið er
upp allt sem kennari sýnir á skjá/töflu, allt sem hann skrifar á skjáinn og allt
sem hann segir. Ekki er um að ræða myndbandsupptöku af kennaranum og
nemendur sjá hann ekki heldur heyra það sem hann segir og sýnir og geta
þannig fylgst með kennslustundinni. Þegar upptöku er lokið er skráin vistuð í
kennslukerfi skólans og eru skrárnar á bilinu 10 -50 Mb hver, allt eftir lengd
upptöku og því sem fram fer í kennslustundinni. Kennarar geta einnig tekið
upp efni við skrifborð sitt og með Camtasia forritinu er síðan hægt að vinna
með upptökuna ef óskað er, klippa út eða bæta við. Reynslan sýnir að flestir
kennarar vinna ekki mikið í upptökunum heldur senda þær beint til nemenda
enda hafa nemendur sagt að það sé ágætt að fá upptökur með eðlilegum
truflunum. Nemendur geta sótt upptökurnar þegar þeir vilja og hlustað á þær
eins oft og þeir vilja með spilurum sem fylgja flestum tölvum. Hefur þessi
kostur verið vel metinn og er mikið notaður af nemendum eða eins og einn
nemandinn sagði: „Ég vildi alveg sleppa verkefnatímunum ef ég fengi meira
af upptökum í staðinn“.
En auðvitað er ekkert fullkomið og flestir góðir hlutir hafa einnig neikvæðar
Háskólanemum á Íslandi hefur almennt fjölgað hratt undanfarin ár. Fjöldi nemenda
í tölvunarfræði hefur hins vegar ekki fylgt þessari þróun. Nemendafjöldi hefur verið
sveiflukenndur og undanfarin ár hefur dregið mjög úr aðsókn ungs fólks í námið. Þessi þróun
er ekki æskileg fyrir fagið þar sem fáir nemendur draga úr möguleikum skólanna til að bjóða
fjölbreytt nám og heldur ekki æskileg fyrir þróun hugbúnaðargerðar á Íslandi, þar sem vel
menntað og hugmyndaríkt fólk er undirstaða framþróunar og nýjunga.
Ástæður þess að sífellt færri sækja í nám í tölvunarfræði eru eflaust margar og flóknar, s.s.
ranghugmyndir um störf tölvunarfræðinga en eins og staðan er í dag er óhætt að fullyrða að
atvinnumöguleikar eru miklir, fjölbreytt störf í boði og launakjör góð. Þetta er meðal þess sem
ungt fólk hugsar um þegar það velur sér starfsvettvang.