Gripla - 20.12.2018, Side 59

Gripla - 20.12.2018, Side 59
59 as a whole, thus represents a reworking of Vindician’s Letter into that context. Whether the treatise is merely a copy of such a reworking, or if the Letter is put into its context in Af natturu mannzins ok bloði by Haukr Erlendsson’s initiative and editing, still remains obscure. the text/s on which the treatise is based presumably shared the fate of the vast majority of the Latin learned and liturgical texts that existed in Iceland and norway before the reformation: they are now lost without a trace, as Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson has pointed out.98 for the north as a whole, it has been estimated that ninety-nine percent of the Latin manuscript leaves that existed at the start of the reformation are now lost.99 Whether the source text (or texts) was in circulation in Iceland is a moot point. Indications point both to norway and Iceland as possible places of writing. Haukr Erlendsson spent many years in norway,100 the scribe was presumably norwegian, and the gathering that includes the treatise might have been inserted. However, finnur Jónsson’s investiga- tion of the orthographic and linguistic features of the treatise led him to the conclusion that the scribe was copying an original in Icelandic.101 one can at least assume that the mere existence of the treatise in Hauksbók testifies to the fact that, at the dawn of the fourteenth century, the knowledge of the theory of the four humours was important to an HUMORAL THEORY IN THE MEDIEVAL NORTH by David C. Lindberg and ronald L. numbers, 8 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge university Press, 2011), vol. II, 341–64. on the transformation of Europe in the long twelfth century, see, e.g., Robert Ian Moore, The First European Revolution, c. 970–1215, ed. by Jacques Le Goff (oxford: Blackwell, 2000); thomas f. X. noble and John Van Engen (eds.), European Transformations: The Long Twelfth Century (notre Dame: university of notre Dame Press, 2012). 98 Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson, “Latin fragments related to Iceland,” Nordic Latin Manu- script Fragments: The Destruction and Reconstruction of Medieval Books, ed. by Åslaug ommundsen and tuomas Heikkilä (new York: routledge, 2017), 175. 99 Åslaug ommundsen and tuomas Heikkilä, “Piecing together the Past: the accidental Manuscript Collections of the north,” ibid., 4; see also Åslaug ommundsen, “traces of Latin Education in the old norse World,” Intellectual Culture in Medieval Scandinavia, c. 1100–1350, ed. by Stefka G. Eriksen, Disputatio 28 (turnhout: Brepols, 2016), 243–62; Gottskálk Jensson, “the Lost Latin Literature of Medieval Iceland: the fragments of the Vita sancti Thorlaci and other Evidence,” Symbolae Osloenses 79 (2004): 150–70. 100 for an overview of Haukr’s background and career, see, e.g., Gunnar Harðarson, Littérature et spiritualité en Scandinavie médiévale: La traduction norroise du De arrha animae de Hugues de Saint-Victor. Étude historique et édition critique, Bibliotheca Victorina 5 (Paris: Brepols, 1995), 169–74. 101 finnur Jónsson, “Indledning,” xxxv–xxxvi.
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