Gripla - 20.12.2018, Page 302

Gripla - 20.12.2018, Page 302
GRIPLA302 again in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.38 this preference for dry point ruling increases in later centuries. of the roughly one third to half of the extant Icelandic parchment and paper manuscripts that I analysed, one third of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century parchment and palimpsest manuscripts are dry point ruled, and more than half of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century paper manuscripts have dry point ruling. It thus seems that dry point ruling became the most frequently used method of ruling post-medieval paper manuscripts in Iceland, thereby confirming that dry point methods of manuscript preparation were well known. advantages of using styli or other dry point implements include their economy and practicality. Preparing ink and quills was a laborious task requiring various raw materials, some of which were seasonal, and advance planning.39 using styli and wax tablets was much simpler, even though it may have been difficult and expensive to acquire them. But once owned, they could be re-used without difficulty and without much wear and tear. furthermore, they were more portable than quill and ink (usually kept in a lectern) and thus on hand all the time.40 female Manuscript ownership the second noteworthy aspect with regard to the inscription of MS Boreal 91 has implications for male/female literacy in Iceland and for the provenance of Icelandic legal manuscripts. By the early nineteenth century between one quarter and one third of Icelandic men could write. the ratio was higher among wealthy men but low among women: only one in ten women was, in fact, able to write during the time Helga impressed her note into MS Boreal 91.41 this makes Helga’s marginal notes rather un- 38 Már Jónsson, “fyrstu línur á blaðsíðum skinnhandrita,” Gripla 13 (2002): 226–227. 39 I thank Svanhildur María Gunnarsdóttir for explaining the production method in de- tail. a short description of producing ink and quill can be found in, e.g., Soffía Guðný Guðmundsdóttir and Laufey Guðnadóttir, “Book Production in the Middle ages,” 66 Manuscripts from the Arnamagnæan Collection, ed. by Matthew James Driscoll and Svanhildur Óskarsdóttir (Copenhagen: Museum tusculanum, 2015), 215–218. More in- formation, including references, can be found in Christine Jakobi-Mirwald, Buchmalerei: Terminologie der Kunstgeschichte, 4th ed. (Berlin: reimer, 2015), 110–120. 40 Glaser and nievergelt, “Griffelglossen,” 205. 41 Loftur Guttormsson, “Læsi,” Munnmenntir og bókmenning, ed. by Frosti F. Jóhannsson. Íslensk þjóðmenning 6 (reykjavík: Bókaútgáfan Þjóðsaga, 1989), 139–140. It is possible, though, that someone else wrote the ownership statement for Helga.
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