Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1993, Page 1

Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.1993, Page 1
Bátsbandið Bátshaldsskipan føroyinga fyri 1865 og rættarstøði hennara Andras Mortensen Úrtak 'Bátsbandið’ is the common word for the old (un- written) Faroese customary law system of keeping large fishing boats for winter fishing. Within this system certain boatowners had at any time at their disposal the requisite number of men for their boats. In retum the crew had certain rights opposite the boatowner. After the introduction of the first Danish constitution in 1849, and when later the Faroe Islands got free trade, the system came into conflict with the spirit of the time, and in 1865 it was abolished by law. In the article the legitimacy of the system is examined. The source material points out that the origin of the system was connected with the landed property of the original farms, which in the course of time had been divided into ‘býlingar’, i.e. groups of houses built on the building ground of the original farms, and thus we deal with a relict of the oldest customary law system of the Faroe Islands. In some villages the original boat keeping system remained until the day of abolition. In other places it was gradually adapted to the ideology of the Danish absolute monarchy 1660-1849, whose represen- tatives dominated the Faroese administration of justice. Inngangur Arið 1865 var eitt merkisár hjá føroyskum útróðri. Tá gjørdi danska fólkatingið av, at sokallaða ‘bátsbandið’ í Føroyum skuldi verða tikið av. Við tí fór eitt tíðarskeið í føroyskari mentanarsøgu aftur um bak, og eitt annað tók við. Hvat var hetta fyri ein skipan? í viðmerk- ingunum til fólkatingslógina, ið setti hana úr gildi, verður greitt soleiðis frá: ‘Fra gammel Tid paahviler der visse færøske Jordejendommes Besiddere For- pligtelse til at holde store Fiskerbaade og andre af Færøemes Indbyggere Forpligtel- se til at gøre Tjeneste paa disse Baade. Om dette Forhold haves der ingen Lovbestem- melser, naar undtages den ved Plakaten af 23. Marts 1813 bekendtgjorte kongelige Resolution af 13. s. M. om, at Sager angaa- ende Rettigheden til at bygge og holde Fi- skerbaade paa Færøeme skulle som Politi- sager paakendes af hvert Steds Syssel- mand, samt at Sysselmændenes Kendelser, naar Parteme ej ville akkviescere ved sam- me, skulde indankes for Amtmanden, og af ham uden videre Appel paakendes; men iøvrigt er Forholdet ordnet ad Sædvanens Vej’>. í viðmerkingunum til fólkatingslógina verður eisini nomið við, hví bátsbandsskip- anin varð tikin til viðgerðar og tikin av við lóg. Skipanin var ein forðing fyri frælsari menning af føroyskum vinnulívi, sum hevði fingið nýggjar fyritreytir, tá konga- liga einahandilsskipanin varð tikin av í 1856. Og hon gekk ímóti § 88 í grundlógini frá 1849, sum segði, at ‘alle Indskrænknin- ger i den frie og lige Adgang til Erhverv, Fróðskaparrit 41. bók. 1994 (1993): 5-16
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