Íslenskt mál og almenn málfræði - 01.01.1985, Side 73

Language Shifl in an Icelandic Child
71
lish and limited exposure to Icelandic have resulted in that Baldur’s Ice-
landic has characteristics which are different from the Icelandic spoken
in Iceland and moreover the changes have characteristics similar to the
changes which have occurred in related languages over the centuries.
Furthermore, it is also obvious that Baldur’s Icelandic is more like Eng-
lish than the Icelandic spoken in Iceland. This is seen in that the noun
declension (which is a distinction not shared by the competing lan-
guage) has to a certain extent been given up. Moreover it is pointed out
that the characteristics of the changes can be seen to have their origins
in Baldur’s incomplete acquisition of Icelandic (dative, genitive) and in
the characteristics of the Icelandic noun declension system.
REFERENCES
Andersen, R.W. 1982. Determining the Linguistic Attributes of Language Attrition.
R.D. Lambert & B.F. Freed (eds.): The Loss of Language Skills. Newbury House
Publ. Inc.
Costello, J.R. 1978. Syntactic Change and Second Language Acquisition: The Case for
Pennsylvania German. Linguistics 213:29 — 50.
Dorian, N.C. 1973. Grammatical Change in a Dying Dialect. Language 49:4\3—438.
—. 1976. Gender in a Terminal Gaelic Dialect. Scottish GaelicStudies 1:279 —282.
—. 1977. The Problem of the Semi-speaker in Language Death. International Journalof
tlte Sociology of Language 12:23 — 32.
—. 1978. The Fate of Morphological Complexity in Language Death: Evidence from
Southern Gaelic. Language 54:590 — 609.
—. 1981. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect. University of
Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
—. 1982. Language Loss and Maintenance in Language Contact Situations. R.D. Lam-
bert & B.F. Freed (eds.): The Loss of Language Skills. Newbury House Publ. Inc.
Einarsson, Stefán. 1945. Icelandic. Grammar. Texts. Glossary. The John Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore.
Freed, B.F. 1982. Language Loss: Current Thoughtsand Future Directions. R.D. Lam-
bert & B.F. Freed (eds.): The Loss of Language Skills. Newbury House Publ. Inc.
Haugen, Einar. 1976. The Scandinavian Languages. Faberand Faber, London.
Hymes, D. 1971. Introduction. D. Hymes (ed.): Pidginization and Creolization ofLan-
guages. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Karttunen, F. 1977. Finnish in America: A Case Study in Monogenerational Language
Change. B.G. Blount & M. Sanches (eds.): Sociocultural Dimensions of Language
Change. Academic Press, New York.
Kjartansson, Helgi Skúli. 1979. Eignarfallsflótti: uppástunga um nýja málvillu [Avoid-
ance ofGenitive: A New Speech-Error?] íslenskt mál 1:88—95.
Konráðsson, Sigurður. 1982. Orðasafn — Beyging — Máltaka [Glossary — deelension
— Language Acquisition]. Unpublished paper, University of Iceland.