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Læknablaðið - 15.11.1991, Page 31

Læknablaðið - 15.11.1991, Page 31
LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 355 vaxandi. Rannsóknir, þar sem hægt er að bera saman tíðni þessara sjúkdóma milli ákveðinna árabila, gefa þetta ótvírætt til kynna. Fjölgun innlagna á sjúkrahús, aukin lyfjanotkun og fjölgun dauðsfalla í mörgum löndum vegna astma benda til þess að svo sé. Þó verður að viðurkenna að mælikvarðinn sem notaður er við þessar rannsóknir gæti verið að breytast. Sú umfangsmikla könnun sem nú stendur yfir á vegum Evrópubandalagsins gerir ekki aðeins kleift að fá fram trúverðugan samanburð milli landa og heimshluta, hvað varðar tíðni þessara sjúkdóma, því grunnur er einnig lagður að rannsóknum á hvort tíðnin breytist með því að endurtaka könnunina að nokkrum tíma liðnum. Fyrir okkur íslendinga er það ómetanlegt að hafa fengið tækifæri til að taka þátt í þessu verkefni og þeir sem hafa gert það kleift með fjárframlögum eiga þakkir skildar. HEIMILDIR 1. Durham SR. The significance of late responses in asthma.Clin and Experim Allergy 1991; 21: 3-7. 2. Pepys J, Davies RJ. Allergy. Asthma. London: Chapman and Hall, 1977: 127-8. 3. Amoldson H, Belin L, Formgren H, Lindholm B. Asthma bronchiale. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1970. 4. Hamburger RN. Heredity, IgE and development of atopic allergy. Allergy unmasked. A new understanding. Pharmacia Diagnostic 1979. 5. Blackley C. Experimental researches on the causes and nature of catarrus aestivus. London: Bailliere and Tindall, 1873. 6. Björkstén F, Suoniemi I, Koeki V. Neonatal birch- pollencontact and subsequent allergy to birch pollen. Clin Allergy 1980; 10: 581-91. 7. Korsgaard J. Mite asthma and recidency: A case- control study on the impact of exposure to house dust mites in dwellings. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 231. 8. Plalt-Mills TE. Dust mite allergens and asthma. A World-wide problem. J AUergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83: 416-27. 9. Platt-Mills TE, Pollart SM, Luczynska CM, Chapman MD, Heymann PW. Indoor-allergens, quantification and characterization in relation to asthma. Congress of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin 1989; Proceedings: 63- 7. 10. Björkstén F. Early allergen contacts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78: 1010-2. 11. Pearson DJ, Freed DLJ, Taylor G. Respiratory allergy and month of birth. Clin Allergy 1977; 7: 29. 12. Kemp AS. Relationship between the time of birth and the development of immediate hypersensitivity to grass-pollen antigens. Med J Aust 1979; 1: 263-4. 13. Quoix E, Bessot JC, Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC, Fraisse P, Pauli G. Positive skin tests to aero- allergens and month of birth. Allergy 1988; 43: 127- 31. 14. Carosso A, Ruffino C, Bugiani M. The effect of birth season on pollenosis. Ann Allergy 1986; 56: 300-3. 15. Morrison Smith J, Springett H. Atopic disease and month of birth. Clin Allergy 1979; 9: 153-7. 16. Antó JM. Barcelona asthma epidemics: New evidences two years after their control. Joint meeting SEP-SEPCR, London sept. 9-14, 1990. 17. Frick OL, German DF, Mills J. Development of allergy in children. I. Association with virus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979; 63: 228-41. 18. Leibovitz E, Freihorst J, Piedra PA, Ogra PL. Modulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses to inhaled ragweed antigen in experimentally induced infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Implication in virally induced allergy. Int Archs Allergy Appl Immunol 1988; 86: 112-6. 19. Pauwels R, Van Der Straeten M, Platteau B, Bazin H. The non-specific enhancement of allergy. Allergy 1983; 38: 239-46. 20. Gerrard JW, Heiner DC, Ko CG, Mink J, Meyers D, Dosman J. Immunoglobulin levels in smokers and non-smokers. Ann Allergy 1980; 44: 261-2. 21. Burrows B, Halonen M, Barbee RA, Lebowitz MD. The relationship of serum immunoglobulin E to cigarette smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 124: 523-5. 22. Warren CPW, Holford-Strevens V, Wong C, Manfred J. The relationship between smoking and total immunoglobulin E levels. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982; 69: 370-5. 23. Zetterström O, Osterman K, Machado L, Johansson SGO. Another smoking hazard: Raised serum IgE concentration and incrised risk of occupation allergy. Br Med J 1981; 283: 1215-7. 24. McSharry C, Wilkinson PC. Cigarette smoking and the antibodyresponse to inhaled antigens. Immunology Today 1986: 7; 98. 25. Weilzman M, Gortmaker S, Walker DK, Sobol A. Matemal smoking and childhood asthma. Pediatrics 1990; 85: 505-11. 26. Murray AB, Morrison BJ. The effect of cigarette smoke from the mother on bronchial responsiveness and severity ofsymptoms in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985; 77: 575-81. 27. Martinez FD, Antognoni G, Macri F, et al. Parental smoking enhanches bronchial responsiveness in nine- year-old children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 518-23. 28. Tager IB. Passive smoking-bronchial responsiveness and atopy. Editorials. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 507-9. 29. Rantakallio P. Relationship of matemal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to the age of five. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987; 67: 621-31. 30. Ownby DR, McCullough J. Passive exposure to cigarette smoke does not increase allergic sensitization in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 82: 634-7. 31. Horwood L, Ferguson DM, Hons BA, Shannon FT. Social and familial factors in the development and early childhood asthma. Pediatrics 1985; 75: 859-68. 32. Andrae S, Axelsson O, Björkstén B, Fredriksson M, Kjellman N-IM. Symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma in relation to environmental factors. Arc Dis Child 1988; 63: 473- 8.

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