Fróðskaparrit - 01.01.2008, Page 101

LÁNISTICIN OG DANSKT í FØROYSKUM
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grammatical' and 4 'the sentence is totally
ungrammatical'.
3. Step 3 and Danish borrowings
Step 3 in Thomason and Kaufman (1988:74-
76) is characterized as more intense contact
with a slightly larger number of structural
borrowings than in Step 2.
(3) More intense contact: slightly more
structural borrowing.
Lexicon:
Function words: adpositions (prepositions
and postpositions). At this stage derivational
affixes may be abstracted from borrowed
words and added to native vocabulary; in-
flectional afhxes may enter the borrowing
language attached to, and will remain con-
fmed to, borrowed vocabulary items. Per-
sonal and demonstrative pronouns and low
numerals which belong to the basic vocabu-
lary are more likely to be borrowed at this
stage than in more casual contact situation.
Structure:
Slightly less minor structural features than in
category (2). In phonology, borrowing will
probably include the phonemicization, even
in native vocabulary, of previously allo-
phonic alternations. This is especially true of
those that exploit distinctive features already
present in the borrowing language, and also
easily borrowed prosodic and syllable-struc-
ture features, such as stress rules and the ad-
dition of syllable-final consonants (in loan-
words only). In syntax a complete change
from, say SOV to SVO syntax will not occur
here, but a few aspects of such a switch may
be found, as, for example, borrowed postpo-
sitions in an otherwise prepositional lan-
guage (or vice versa).
4. Lexicon
The figure below shows how many Faroese
■ old
■young
Figure 1. n = noun.far. = Faroese, dan. = Danish, v = verb, adj. = adjective, adv. = adverbs.