Læknablaðið - 15.07.1996, Blaðsíða 9

LÆKNABLAÐIÐ 1996; 82
505
Samband menntunar og áhættuþátta
kransæðasjúkdóma
Kristján Þ. Guðmundsson1’, Þórður Harðarson1,2>, Helgi Sigvaldason31, Nikulás Sigfússon3*
Guðmundsson KÞ, Harðarson Þ, Sigvaldason H,
Sigfússon N
Educational level and coronary artery discasc risk
factors
Læknablaðið 1996; 82: 505-15
Objective: Recently a number of epidemiological
studies has been published in westem countries
showing an association between the incidence of
coronary artery disease and its risk factors on one
hand and socio-economic status on the other. Edu-
cation is the single factor which most frequently is
used to base classification of social status on. The
purpose of this study was to estimate the association
between education and coronary artery disease risk
factors in Iceland.
Material and methods: The study population was
18.919 individuals aged 33 to 81 who were living in
Reykjavík and its neighbourhood. They were divid-
ed into four groups according to their educational
level. A model of the relationship was constructed
using linear regression analysis and the groups com-
pared.
Results: Risk factors such as cholesterol, triglyce-
rides, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pres-
sure, height, fasting blood sugar, 90 minute blood
sugar, body mass index and smoking were used in
the model. In most cases and for both sexes there
was an increased risk for those in the lowest educa-
tional group compared with the other groups. For
men only cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, smoking
pipe and cigars showed no difference in risk between
groups and for women only 90 minute blood sugar
and pipe and cigar smoking showed no difference.
Frá '’læknadeild Háskóla (slands, 2,lyflækningadeild Land-
spítalans, 3,Rannsóknarstöð Hjartaverndar. Fyrirspurnir,
bréfaskipti: Kristján Þ. Guðmundsson, Gnoðavogi 40, 104
Reykjavik.
For men an increased risk for the higher educational
groups was only seen with two risk factors, triglyce-
rides and 90 minute blood sugar and for women only
smoking 25 cigarettes or more. Among women the
difference between groups was decreased during the
study period as regards body mass index, diastolic
blood pressure, smoking and serum cholesterol.
During the study period cholesterol values and dias-
tolic blood pressure tended to decrease while body
mass index and smoking prevalence increased
among women. In the male group no significant
trend was observed during the study period.
Ágrip
Inngangur: Á síðustu árurn hafa verið birtar
niðurstöður faraldsfræðilegra rannsókna í
löndum Norðvestur-Evrópu og Bandaríkjun-
um sem sýnt hafa samband milli tíðni hjarta-
sjúkdóma og/eða áhættuþátta hjartasjúkdóma
og félagslegrar stöðu. Talið er að þeir áhættu-
þættir sem við þekkjum geti skýrt um 50-60%
af þeim mun á tilfellum hjartasjúkdóma milli
mismunandi þjóðfélagsstétta. Menntun er sá
þáttur sem oftast hefur verið notaður til að
meta þjóðfélagsstöðu manna í þessum rann-
sóknum. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að
kanna samband menntunar og ýmissa áhættu-
þátta hjarta- og æðasjúkdóma.
Efniviður og aðferðir: Þessi rannsókn var
byggð á hóprannsókn Hjartaverndar þar sem
tæplega 25.000 einstaklingum á aldrinum 33
ára til 81 árs og búsettum í Reykjavík og ná-
grenni var boðin þátttaka. Þátttakendum var
skipt í fjóra hópa eftir menntun. Búið var til
líkan af sambandi menntunar og áhættuþátta
hjartasjúkdóma með línulegri aðhvarfsgrein-
ingu og hóparnir þannig bornir saman.
Niðurstöður: Eftirfarandi áhættuþættir voru
athugaðir: kólesteról, þríglýseríð, slagþrýst-